When administered orally to rats, the haloacetonitriles (HAN) were metabolized to cyanide and excreted in the urine as thiocyanate. The extent of thiocyanate excretion was chloroacetonitrile (CAN) greater than bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) greater than dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) greater than dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) much greater than trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN).
The excretion and tissue distribution of (1-14C)dichloroacetonitrile and (2-14C)dichloroacetonitrile were studied in male Fischer 344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice. ...The differences in the route of excretion of (1-14C)DCAN compared to (2-14C)DCAN indicated that the molecule was being cleaved in the body and metabolized by different mechanisms.
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of dichloroacetonitrile were available. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dichloroacetonitrile. Overall evaluation: Dichloroacetonitrile is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:二氯乙腈
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Dichloroacetonitrile
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:对其对人类的致癌性无法分类
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The excretion and tissue distribution of (1-14C)dichloroacetonitrile and (2-14C)dichloroacetonitrile were studied in male Fischer 344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice. Three dose levels of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) (0.2, 2, or 15 mg/kg) were administered to rats and two dose levels of DCAN (2 or 15 mg/kg) to mice. Daily excreta including exhaled volatiles and radiolabeled carbon dioxide (14CO2) were analyzed for radiolabeled carbon (14C) until greater than 70% of the radioactivity was excreted. At that time the animals were sacrificed and tissues were collected. Tissues and excreta were analyzed for 14C by combustion and liquid scintillation counting. Rats administered (1-14C)DCAN excreted 62 to 73% of the 14C in 6 days, with 42 to 45% in urine, 14 to 20% in feces, and 3 to 8% as CO2. Rats administered (2-14C)DCAN excreted 82 to 86% of the 14C in 48 hr, with 35 to 40% in urine, 33 to 34% as CO2, and 10 to 13% in feces. Mice administered (1-14C)DCAN excreted 83 to 85% of the 14C in 24 hr, with 64 to 70% in urine, 9 to 13% in feces, and 5 to 6% as CO2. Mice administered (2-14C)DCAN excreted 84 to 88% of the 14C in 24 hr with 42 to 43% in urine, 8 to 11% in feces, and 31 to 37% as CO2. Liver tissues retained the most 14C in all studies except the study of (1-14C)DCAN in rats, where blood contained the most 14C. These results indicate that DCAN was absorbed rapidly after oral administration in water. The differences in the route of excretion of (1-14C)DCAN compared to (2-14C)DCAN indicated that the molecule was being cleaved in the body and metabolized by different mechanisms.
After oral administration of 0.02 mmol/kg body weight (2.0 mg/kg body weight) or 0.14 mmol/kg body weight (15 mg/kg body weight) (14)C-dichloroacetonitrile to mice by gavage in water, 85 and 83%, respectively, of the dose was eliminated in the urine, feces and expired air (as (14)C-carbon dioxide) by 24 hours. The urine contained 64-70% of the dose, the feces contained 9-13% and about 5% was eliminated as carbon dioxide; 11-12% was retained in the tissues. The largest amount of radiolabel was found in the liver about 4% of dose, muscle and skin (about 2%) and blood and fat (about 1%). When mice were given 0.02 mmol/kg body weight (2.0 mg/kg) or 0.14 mmol/kg body weight (15 mg/kg) 2-(14)C-dichloroacetonitrile by gavage in water, 84-88% of the dose was eliminated in the urine, feces and expired air (as (14)C-carbon dioxide) within 24 hours; the urine (42-43% of dose) and expired air 31-37%) contained the most radiolabel. Nine percent of the administered radiolabel was retained in the tissues after 24 hours; most was found in the liver (about 5% of dose), and 0.5-1% of the dose was present in muscle, kidney and skin.
Studies with [1-14C]dichloroacetonitrile in rats and mice and [2-14C]dichloroacetonitrile in rats indicated that the substance is rapidly absorbed after oral administration in water. Excretion of radioactivity following dosing with [1-14C]dichloroacetonitrile is more rapid in mice than in rats. In mice, approximately 84% of the dose was excreted in 24 hr (67% in urine, 11% in feces, 5% as CO2), compared with 67% in rats in six days (44% in urine, 17% in feces, 6% as CO2). Excretion of [2-14C]dichloroacetonitrile radioactivity in rats accounted for about 84% of the dose within 48 hr (38% in urine, 12% in feces, 34% as CO2). The quantitative differences in the route of excretion of the two labels in rats indicate that dichloroacetonitrile is being cleaved in vivo. The 1-14Clabelled compound behaved like cyanide
[EN] DUAL PHARMACOPHORES - PDE4-MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTICS<br/>[FR] PHARMACOPHORES DUALS, ANTAGONISTES DES RÉCEPTEURS MUSCARINIQUES ET INHIBITEURS DE L'ACTIVITÉ PDE4
申请人:GLAXO GROUP LTD
公开号:WO2009100169A1
公开(公告)日:2009-08-13
The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula's (I) - (VI), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and their use in therapy, for example as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) and as antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), in the treatment of and/or prophylaxis of respiratory diseases, including inflammatory and/or allergic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rhinitis (e.g. allergic rhinitis), atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.
to afford bicyclic pyridines. Careful screening of nitrile components revealed that a C[triple chemical bond]C triple bond or heteroatom substituents, such as methoxy and methylthio groups, proved to act as the coordinating groups, whereas C==C or C==O doublebonds and amino groups failed to promote cycloaddition. This suggests that coordinating groups with multiple pi-bonds or lone pairs are essential
[EN] HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES ET UTILISATION DE CES COMPOSÉS
申请人:NATIONAL HEALTH RES INST
公开号:WO2018132326A1
公开(公告)日:2018-07-19
Heterocyclic compounds of Formula (I) shown herein. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition containing one of the heterocyclic compounds. Further disclosed are methods of using one of the heterocyclic compounds for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells into the peripheral circulation, and for treating tissue injury, cancer, inflammatory disease, and autoimmune disease.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Amido and Phenyl Azabicyclic Derivatives via a Tandem Aza Prins-Ritter/Friedel–Crafts Type Reaction of Endocyclic <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ions
作者:Kiran Indukuri、R. Unnava、Manash J. Deka、Anil K. Saikia
DOI:10.1021/jo401450j
日期:2013.11.1
A simple protocol is described for the synthesis of amido and phenyl hexahydroindolizin-3(2H)-one, hexahydro-1H-quinolizin-4(6H)-one, and 1,3,4,10b-tetrahydropyrido[2,1-a]isoindol-6(2H)-one derivatives via endo-trig (aza-Prins type) cyclization followed by an intermolecular Ritter/Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyclic N-acyliminium ions, which are derived from the boron trifluoride etherate treatment of
Catalytic <i>Syn</i>-Selective Nitroaldol Approach to Amphenicol Antibiotics: Evolution of a Unified Asymmetric Synthesis of (−)-Chloramphenicol, (−)-Azidamphenicol, (+)-Thiamphenicol, and (+)-Florfenicol
diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of (−)-chloramphenicol, (−)-azidamphenicol, (+)-thiamphenicol, and (+)-florfenicol based on a key catalytic syn-selective Henryreaction is reported. The stereochemistry of the ligand-enabled copper(II)-catalyzed aryl aldehyde Henryreaction of nitroethanol was first explored to forge a challenging syn-2-amino-1,3-diol structure unit with vicinal stereocenters
报告了基于关键催化顺选择性亨利反应高效和高非对映选择性和对映选择性合成 (-)-氯霉素、(-)-阿齐丹苯、(+)-噻吩苯胺和 (+)-氟苯尼考的统一策略. 首次探索了配体启用的铜 (II) 催化的硝基乙醇的芳醛亨利反应的立体化学,以形成具有挑战性的合成-2-氨基-1,3-二醇结构单元,具有具有出色立体控制的邻位立体中心。进行了多步连续流动操作以实现该家族的双酚类抗生素的有效不对称合成。