Palladium-Catalyzed Indole, Pyrrole, and Furan Arylation by Aryl Chlorides
作者:Enrico T. Nadres、Anna Lazareva、Olafs Daugulis
DOI:10.1021/jo1018969
日期:2011.1.21
The palladium-catalyzed directarylation of indoles, pyrroles, and furans by aryl chlorides has been demonstrated. The method employs a palladium acetate catalyst, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-biphenyl ligand, and an inorganic base. Electron-rich and electron-poor aryl chlorides as well as chloropyridine couplingpartners can be used, and arylated heterocycles are obtained in moderate to good yields.
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/tBuOK system was reported for the photoreduction of mono-fluoroarenes. Mechanistic studies suggest the generation of NHC radical anion as a potent reductant, and the Ar−F bond cleavage proceeds via a concerted mechanism, where single electron transfer, Ar−F bond cleavage and KF bond formation take place simultaneously.
据报道,N-杂环卡宾 (NHC)/ t BuOK 系统可用于单氟芳烃的光还原。机理研究表明,NHC 自由基阴离子的产生是一种有效的还原剂,Ar-F 键断裂通过协同机制进行,其中单电子转移、Ar-F 键断裂和 KF 键形成同时发生。