全氟己烷-1-磺酸 | 355-46-4

• 物质功能分类: 化学试剂 - 有机试剂
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 卤代烷
• 中文名称: 全氟己烷-1-磺酸
• 中文别名: 十三氟己烷磺酸；全氟己基磺酸；全氟己烷磺酸
• 英文名称: perfluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid
• 英文别名: tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid；perfluorohexane sulfonic acid；perfluorohexanesulfonic acid；perfluorohexanesulfonate；PFHxS；tridecafluoro-hexane-1-sulfonic acid；1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid
• CAS: 355-46-4
• 化学式: C₆HF₁₃O₃S
• 分子量: 400.117
• InChiKey: QZHDEAJFRJCDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  238.5℃
• 密度：
  1.841±0.06 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
• 溶解度：
  可溶于DMSO（少许）、甲醇（少许）
• 蒸汽压力：
  0.0046 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions. /Tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid potassium salt/
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.309
• 解离常数：
  pKa = 0.14 (est)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.7
• 重原子数：
  23
• 可旋转键数：
  5
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  62.8
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  16

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

全氟己烷磺酸酯（PFHxS）是一种在碳链上含有六个碳原子的全氟烷基化合物。全氟己烷磺酸酯曾被用于消防泡沫和地毯处理溶液。它曾被广泛用作防污和防水剂，但由于美国环保署的法规，已经被逐步淘汰。人类暴露和毒性：一项流行病学研究评估了PFHxS血清水平与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）诊断之间的关联。另一项研究检查了产前血清浓度（PFHxS）与女婴出生前后生长的关联。血清样本是在怀孕期间从母亲那里获得的。PFHxS（中位数，1.6 ng/mL）在100%的样本中被检测到。在调整模型中，平均而言，出生于PFHxS产前浓度处于最高三分之一的母亲的女孩，出生时体重比出生于最低三分之一的母亲的女孩轻108克。另一项研究评估了PFHxS水平与精子体积、精子浓度、总精子数、活力和形态之间的关联。与第一三分位数的暴露相比，第三三分位数的形态正常细胞比例降低了35%。在一项监测研究中，评估了消防员血清中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）的浓度，结果显示PFHxS的血清浓度在消防员中统计学上更高。另一项研究报告称，PFHxS与总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率（TC/HDL）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及高胆固醇的风险显著相关。另一项研究评估了血清PFCs与甲状腺功能之间的关系，结果显示自然对数-PFHxS的增加与女性总T4增加0.26 ug/mL和总T3增加4.074 ng/dL以及男性自然对数自由T4减少0.016（ng/dL）相关。动物研究：一项亚慢性研究调查了PFAS表面活性剂对脂蛋白代谢影响的机制。将小鼠喂食含有PFHxS的西式饮食（6 mg/kg/天），持续4-6周。PFHxS显著降低了TG、非HDL-C和HDL-C。极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的减少是由于增强了脂蛋白脂肪酶介导的VLDL-TG清除以及减少了VLDL-TG和VLDL-载脂蛋白B的产生。由于与载脂蛋白AI合成减少相关的HDL产生减少，导致HDL减少。PFHxS增加了肝脏重量和肝脏TG含量。肝脏基因表达谱数据显示，这些效应是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和孕烷X受体激活的结果。另一项研究表明，新生小鼠暴露于PFHxS会改变神经蛋白水平，例如CaMKII、GAP-43、突触蛋白和tau，这些对于小鼠的正常大脑发育至关重要。这对雄性和雌性在的海马和大脑皮层进行了测量。结果表明，PFHxS可能作为发育性神经毒素，其效果与PFOS和PFOA相似，但也与其他物质如PCBs、PBDEs和双酚A相似。另一项研究评估了PFHxS暴露（最大剂量=38,000 ng/g蛋）对胚胎死亡、发育终点、组织积累、肝脏和大脑皮层mRNA表达以及血浆TH水平的影响。在PFHxS的最高剂量下，啄壳成功率降至63%；其他影响包括跟骨长度减少和胚胎质量减少。血浆TH水平在PFHxS暴露后以浓度依赖性方式降低。随后的研究评估了PFHxS暴露与TH依赖性神经发育途径之间的关系。PFHxS在低剂量（890 ng/g）时显著改变了11个转录本的表达，在高剂量（38,000 ng/g）时改变了101个转录本的表达。功能富集分析显示，PFHxS影响了参与组织发育和形态、细胞组装和组织以及细胞间信号传导的基因。另一项研究使用PC12细胞作为多巴胺神经元的模型，研究了PFHxS对神经细胞死亡及其潜在机制的影响。PFHxS处理以剂量依赖性方式降低了细胞活力。PFHxS增加了细胞凋亡，增加了ERK1/2、JNK和p38 MAPK的激活，激活时间不同。PFHxS暴露还增加了ROS的形成。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon compound in the perfluoroalkyl family of chemicals. Perfluorohexane sulfonate was once used in firefighting foam and carpet treatment solutions. It was once widely used as a stain and water repellent but was phased out due to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: An epidemiological study evaluated the associations between serum levels of PFHxS and diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In another study, the associations of prenatal serum concentrations (PFHxS) with fetal and postnatal growth in girls was examined. Serum samples were obtained from mothers during pregnancy. PFHxS (median, 1.6 ng/mL) was detected in 100% of samples. On average, girls born to mothers with prenatal concentrations of PFHxS in the upper tertile weighed 108 g less at birth than girls born to mothers with concentrations in the lower tertile in adjusted models. In another study, the association between levels of PFHxS and semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility and morphology were assessed. The proportion of morphologically normal cells was 35% lower for the third tertile of PFHxS exposure as compared with the first. In a surveillance study, the serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in firefighters was evaluated, and serum concentration of PFHxS was statistically higher in firefighters. Another study reported evidence of a significant association between PFHxS and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol as well as an elevated odds of high cholesterol. In another study, which evaluated the relationship between serum PFCs and thyroid function, increase in natural log-PFHxS was associated with an increase of total T4 by 0.26 ug/mL and total T3 by 4.074 ng/dL in women and a decrease of natural log-free T4 by 0.016 (ng/dL) in men. ANIMAL STUDIES: A subchronic study investigated the mechanism underlying the effect of PFAS surfactants on lipoprotein metabolism. Mice were fed a Western-type diet with PFHxS, (6 mg/kg/day) for 4-6 weeks. PFHxS markedly reduced TG, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C. The decrease in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was caused by enhanced lipoprotein lipase-mediated VLDL-TG clearance and by decreased production of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apolipoprotein B. Reduced HDL production, related to decreased apolipoprotein AI synthesis, resulted in decreased HDL. PFHxS increased liver weight and hepatic TG content. Hepatic gene expression profiling data indicated that these effects were the combined result of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and pregnane X receptor activation. Another study showed that neonatal exposure to PFHxS can alter neuroprotein levels, e.g. CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and tau, which are essential for normal brain development in mice. This was measured for both males and females, in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The results suggest that PFHxS may act as a developmental neurotoxicant and the effects are similar to that of PFOS and PFOA, but also to other substances such as PCBs, PBDEs and bisphenol A. In another study, in ovo effects of PFHxS exposure (maximum dose = 38,000 ng/g egg) on embryonic death, developmental endpoints, tissue accumulation, mRNA expression in liver and cerebral cortex, and plasma TH levels were evaluated. Pipping success was reduced to 63% at the highest dose of PFHxS; additional effects included decreased tarsus length and embryo mass. Plasma TH levels were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner following PFHxS exposure. A subsequent study evaluated the relationship between PFHxS exposure and TH-dependent neurodevelopmental pathways. PFHxS significantly altered the expression of 11 transcripts at the low dose (890 ng/g) and 101 transcripts at the high dose (38,000 ng/g). Functional enrichment analysis showed that PFHxS affected the genes involved in tissue development and morphology, cellular assembly and organization, and cell-to-cell signaling. In another study, the effects of PFHxS on the neuronal cell death and the underlying mechanisms were examined using PC12 cells as a model of dopaminergic neuron. The treatment with PFHxS reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. PFHxS increased cell apoptosis, increased the activations of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK with different temporal activations. PFHxS exposure also increased ROS formation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清除。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练操作。如有必要，执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有需要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用温水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于昏迷、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W TKO /SRP: "保持开放"，最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/毒物A和B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

/流行病学研究/ 我们对全氟烷基化合物（PFCs）可能对人类健康产生的影响的了解有限，提示它们可能对大脑健康有保护作用。本研究旨在探讨PFCs与老年人认知能力之间的关系。我们评估了四种PFCs，即全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）与自述记忆困难或混乱时期导致的限制之间的关联，使用来自1999-2000年和2003-2008年国家健康和营养检查调查的60-85岁参与者的数据。我们还考虑了糖尿病状况或糖尿病药物使用是否根据体外证据修改了这种关联，该证据表明PFCs可能作用于与一些糖尿病药物相同的受体。在多变量调整模型中，点估计表明PFCs与自述认知限制之间存在保护性关联（优势比，OR；95%置信区间，CI）对于PFC浓度的加倍：PFOS（OR，0.90；95% CI，0.78，1.03），PFOA（OR，0.92；95% CI，0.78，1.09），PFNA（OR，0.91；95% CI，0.79，1.04）和PFHxS（OR，0.93；95% CI，0.82，1.06）。保护性关联集中在糖尿病患者中，未用药的糖尿病患者中有强烈、显著的保护性关联。这项横断面研究表明，PFCs暴露与老年人特别是糖尿病患者的认知功能之间可能存在保护性关联。

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Our limited understanding of how polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) may impact on human health suggests the potential for a protective impact on brain health. This study was designed to explore the association between PFCs and cognitive ability in older adults. We assessed the association between four PFCs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and self-reported limitation due to difficulty remembering or periods of confusion using data from participants aged 60-85 years from the 1999-2000 and 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We also considered whether diabetic status or diabetic medication use modifies this association in light of in vitro evidence that PFCs may act on the same receptors as some diabetic medications. In multivariable adjusted models, point estimates suggest a protective association between PFCs and self-reported cognitive limitation (odds ratio, OR; 95% confidence interval, CI) for a doubling in PFC concentration: PFOS (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.78, 1.03), PFOA (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.78, 1.09), PFNA (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.79, 1.04) and PFHxS (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82, 1.06). The protective association was concentrated in diabetics, with strong, significant protective associations in non-medicated diabetics. This cross-sectional study suggests that there may be a protective association between exposure to PFCs and cognition in older adults, particularly diabetics.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

/MILK/ 全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)在普通人群中的广泛存在以及它们缓慢的消除特性，使得人们重新关注理解全氟烷基化合物(PFAs)通过摄入人乳对新生儿潜在暴露的问题。本研究的目的是评估1972年至2008年间在瑞典获得的混合人乳样本中PFOS、PFHxS和PFOA的浓度（这一时期代表了PFA生产最重要的时期），并观察这些分析物的时间趋势是否与人体血清中指示的趋势平行。在方法学改进后，对1972年至2008年的瑞典混合人乳样本进行了PFOS、PFHxS和PFOA的化学分析。为了评估样本变异，还单独分析了构成2007年混合样本的20个样本。分析采用HPLC-MS/MS。由于人乳基质的复杂性和准确量化低pg/mL浓度的要求，必须对背景污染给予细心关注以获得准确结果。PFOS是混合样本中主要的分析物，这三个分析物从1972年到2000年显示出统计学上显著的增加趋势，浓度在1990年代达到一个平台期。PFOA和PFOS在2001-2008年间显示出统计学上显著的下降趋势。在研究的最后，即2008年，混合人乳中PFOS、PFHxS和PFOA的测量浓度分别为75 pg/mL、14 pg/mL和74 pg/mL。人乳中PFOS、PFHxS和PFOA的浓度趋势与普通人群血清浓度报告中所述的趋势平行。

/MILK/ The widespread presence of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) in human general populations and their slow elimination profiles have led to renewed interest in understanding the potential human neonatal exposures of perfluoroalkyls (PFAs) from consumption of human milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA in pooled human milk samples obtained in Sweden between 1972 and 2008 (a period representing the most significant period of PFA production) and to see whether the time trend of these analytes parallels that indicated in human serum. Chemical analysis of PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA was performed on pooled Swedish human milk samples from 1972 to 2008 after methodological refinements. The 20 samples which formed the 2007 pool were also analyzed individually to evaluate sample variations. Analyses were performed by HPLC-MS/MS. Due to the complexities of the human milk matrix and the requirement to accurately quantitate low pg/mL concentrations, meticulous attention must be paid to background contamination if accurate results are to be obtained. PFOS was the predominant analyte present in the pools and all three analytes showed statistically significant increasing trends from 1972 to 2000, with concentrations reaching a plateau in the 1990s. PFOA and PFOS showed statistically significant decreasing trends during 2001-2008. At the end of the study, in 2008, the measured concentrations of PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA in pooled human milk were 75 pg/mL, 14 pg/mL, and 74 pg/mL, respectively. The temporal concentration trends of PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA observed in human milk are parallel to those reported in the general population serum concentrations.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

/MILK/ 检测到母乳中存在全氟烷酸（PFAAs），但对其在哺乳过程中的转移研究较少。确定这些化学物质在哺乳期间的消除速率对于评估母婴接触情况非常重要和关键。我们旨在研究哺乳与母亲血清中全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）浓度之间的关系。对于我们有婴儿测量数据的一小部分人群，我们还研究了哺乳与婴儿血清PFAA浓度的关联。目前的分析包括了633位来自C8科学面板研究的女性，她们的孩子年龄小于3.5岁，并且在调查时提供了血液样本并详细报告了哺乳情况。所有母亲和8%（n = 49）的婴儿的PFAA血清浓度数据可用。母亲和婴儿的血清浓度与哺乳持续时间的回归分析显示，每多哺乳一个月，母亲的PFOA血清浓度降低3%（95% CI：-5，-2%），PFOS降低3%（95% CI：-3，-2%），PFNA降低2%（95% CI：-2，-1%），PFHxS降低1%（95% CI：-2，0%）。婴儿的PFOA和PFOS血清浓度则随着每多哺乳一个月分别增加6%（95% CI：1，10%）和4%（95% CI：1，7%）。母乳是婴儿的最佳食物，但也是哺乳母亲排除PFAAs的途径，同时也是哺乳婴儿接触PFAAs的途径。

/MILK/ The presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in breast milk has been documented, but their lactational transfer has been rarely studied. Determination of the elimination rates of these chemicals during breastfeeding is important and critical for assessing exposure in mothers and infants. We aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and maternal serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). For a subset of the population, for whom we also have their infants' measurements, we investigated associations of breastfeeding with infant serum PFAA concentrations. The present analysis included 633 women from the C8 Science Panel Study who had a child < 3.5 years of age and who provided blood samples and reported detailed information on breastfeeding at the time of survey. PFAA serum concentrations were available for all mothers and 8% (n = 49) of the infants. Maternal and infant serum concentrations were regressed on duration of breastfeeding. Each month of breastfeeding was associated with lower maternal serum concentrations of PFOA (-3%; 95% CI: -5, -2%), PFOS (-3%; 95% CI: -3, -2%), PFNA (-2%; 95% CI: -2, -1%), and PFHxS (-1%; 95% CI: -2, 0%). The infant PFOA and PFOS serum concentrations were 6% (95% CI: 1, 10%) and 4% (95% CI: 1, 7%) higher per month of breastfeeding. Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, but is also a PFAA excretion route for lactating mothers and exposure route for nursing infants.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)通常是人体血清中占主导地位的全氟烷基物质(PFASs)，但在这里，一个加拿大七口之家被检测出对全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)的暴露特别高。在家族成员中检测到不成比例高的血清PFHxS浓度(范围为27.5-423 ng/mL)和中等偏高的PFOS (范围为15.2-108 ng/mL)和PFOA (范围为2.40-9.23 ng/mL)浓度，这三种化学物质在最小的孩子体内含量最高。因此，我们试图确定这种不寻常暴露的来源和途径，并研究这个家庭PFASs的排泄情况。从家庭成员那里采集血清、尿液和粪便样本，在家中采集地毯、灰尘和空气样本，并填写问卷。在过去的15年里，这个家庭的家用地毯被用Scotchgard配方处理了8次。在家用灰尘中检测到PFHxS的浓度升高(2780 ng/g灰尘)和家庭活动室地毯中(2880 ng/g地毯)，主要PFASs的排泄途径是通过尿液。血清和家庭样本中高浓度的PFHxS和中等偏高的PFOS浓度与某些Scotchgard配方已知的PFAS含量一致，暴露可能是通过灰尘摄入和/或吸入。

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are normally the dominant perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human serum, but here a Canadian family of seven was identified with particularly high exposure to perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS). Disproportionately high serum PFHxS concentrations (range 27.5-423 ng/mL) and moderately high PFOS (range 15.2-108 ng/mL) and PFOA (range 2.40-9.23 ng/mL) concentrations were detected in the family members, with all three chemicals being highest in the youngest children. We therefore sought to identify the source(s) and pathway(s) of this unusual exposure, and to study the excretion of PFASs for this family. Serum, urine, and stool were sampled from family members, carpet, dust, and air were sampled in the home, and a questionnaire was administered. Over 15 years, the family's household carpets were treated 8 times with Scotchgard formulations. Elevated concentrations of PFHxS were detected in household dust (2780 ng/g dust) and in family room carpet (2880 ng/g carpet), and the primary mode of excretion for the major PFASs was through urine. The high PFHxS and moderately high PFOS concentrations in serum and household samples are consistent with the known PFAS content of certain Scotchgard formulations, and exposure was likely through dust ingestion and/or inhalation.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在中国北方天津，对50对新婚夫妇（本研究中所有女性均未曾怀孕）的100份血清样本进行了分析，检测了11种具有同分异构体特异性的全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）。在所有样本中，总全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS，平均11.3 ng/mL）含量最高，其次是总全氟辛酸（PFOA，2.95 ng/mL）、全氟癸酸（PFDA，1.17 ng/mL）、全氟壬酸（PFNA，0.93 ng/mL）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS，0.67 ng/mL）。男性中的PFOS和PFHxS平均浓度（分别为14.2和0.89 ng/mL）显著高于女性（分别为8.36和0.45 ng/mL）（p=0.001）。对于其他PFAAs，未观察到性别间的统计学差异。这表明月经是女性体内PFOS和PFHxS的一个重要消除途径。线性PFOA是主导同分异构体，平均占比为99.7%，这表明端基PFOA（及其前体），其中几乎只含有纯线性同分异构体，可能是天津PFOA的主要暴露源。平均而言，线性PFOS（n-PFOS）占PFOS的比例为59.2%，低于技术PFOS产品中的比例（大约70%线性）。除了全氟异丙基PFOS外，所有其他单甲基支链PFOS同分异构体在人类血清中的含量都高于商业产品，这表明单甲基支链PFOS前体在人体内优先发生了生物转化，或者发生了差异性的清除。

A total of 100 serum samples from 50 new couples (none of the females in this study has ever been pregnant) in Tianjin, North China, were analyzed for eleven perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with isomer-specific method. Among all samples, total perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS, mean 11.3 ng/mL) was predominant followed by total perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 2.95 ng/mL), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA, 1.17 ng/mL), perfluorononanoate (PFNA, 0.93 ng/mL) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS, 0.67 ng/mL). The mean concentrations of PFOS and PFHxS in males (14.2 and 0.89 ng/mL) were significantly higher (p=0.001) than in females (8.36 and 0.45 ng/mL). No statistical difference between genders was observed for the other PFAAs. This suggests that menstruation is one important elimination pathway for PFOS and PFHxS in females. Linear PFOA was the dominant isomer with mean proportion of 99.7%, suggesting that telomeric PFOA (and its precursors), which contains almost pure linear isomer, might be the dominant exposure source of PFOA in Tianjin. On average, the proportion of linear PFOS (n-PFOS) was 59.2% of PFOS, which was lower than that in technical PFOS products (ca. 70% linear). Except perfluoroisopropyl PFOS, all the other monomethyl branched PFOS isomers were enriched in human serum compared to the commercial products, suggesting the monomethyl branched PFOS precursors were preferentially biotransformed in humans /SRP: or a differential clearance occurred/.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2904909090
• 储存条件：
  室温

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  全氟己烷-1-磺酸 生成 perfluorohexanesulfonic acid monohydrate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: F: PerFHalOrg.2, 1.3.1, page 76 - 99

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  全氟己基磺酰氟 在 氢氧化钾 、 硫酸 作用下， 生成 全氟己烷-1-磺酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  512. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulphur. Part VI. Perfluoroalkanesulphonic acids CF₃·[CF₂]_n·SO₃H (n= 1—7)

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1039/jr9570002640

文献信息

• Synthesis of symmetric and dissymetric bisperfluoroalkanesulfonylimides and evaluation of their inhibition on bovine carbonic anhydrase
  作者：Zohra Benfodda、Franck Guillen、Hubert Blancou

  DOI：10.1002/hc.20452

  日期：2008.7

  describes a synthesis of symmetric and dissymmetric bis[(perfluoroalkane)-sulfonyl]imides by the reaction of the sodium salt of perfluoroalkanesulfonamide RFSO2NH−Na+ (RF = C4F9, C6F13, C8F17) with hexamethyldisilazane and perfluoroalkanesulfonylfluoride RFSO2F (RF = C4F9, C6F13, C8F17). They are obtained, in two steps, in moderate overall yield. Moreover, this paper provides a study of their inhibition on

  本研究描述了通过全氟烷烃磺酰胺 RFSO2NH−Na+（RF = C4F9、C6F13、C8F17）的钠盐与六甲基二硅氮烷和全氟烷烃磺酰氟 RFSO2F（RF = C4F39 , C8F17)。它们分两步以中等总产率获得。此外，本文还研究了它们对牛碳酸酐酶的抑制作用。© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 杂原子化学 19:542–548, 2008; 在线发表于 Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)。DOI 10.1002/hc.20452
• Resist composition and patterning process
  申请人：Watanabe Satoshi

  公开号：US20100009299A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-01-14

  The present invention relates to: a resist composition such as a chemically amplified resist composition for providing an excellent pattern profile even at a substrate-side boundary face of resist, in addition to a higher resolution in photolithography for micro-fabrication, and particularly in photolithography adopting, as an exposure source, KrF laser, ArF laser, F 2 laser, ultra-short ultraviolet light, electron beam, X-rays, or the like; and a patterning process utilizing the resist composition. The present invention provides a chemically amplified resist composition comprising one or more kinds of amine compounds or amine oxide compounds (except for those having a nitrogen atom of amine or amine oxide included in a ring structure of an aromatic ring) at least having a carboxyl group and having no hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a nitrogen atom as a basic center.

  本发明涉及一种抗蚀组合物，例如用于在抗蚀物的基板侧边界面上提供优异图案轮廓的化学增感抗蚀组合物，除了在微细加工的光刻工艺中具有更高的分辨率外，特别是在采用KrF激光、ArF激光、F2激光、超短紫外光、电子束、X射线等作为曝光光源的光刻工艺中；以及利用该抗蚀组合物的图案化工艺。本发明提供一种化学增感抗蚀组合物，其包括一种或多种胺化合物或胺氧化合物（除了那些在芳香环的环结构中不含有胺或胺氧原子的氮原子的化合物），至少具有一个羧基，并且没有氢原子共价键结合到氮原子作为碱性中心。
• POSITIVE RESIST COMPOSITION AND PATTERNING PROCESS
  申请人：NISHI Tsunehiro

  公开号：US20100062374A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-03-11

  A positive resist composition comprises (A) a resin component which becomes soluble in an alkaline developer under the action of an acid and (B) an acid generator. The resin (A) is a polymer comprising recurring units containing a non-leaving hydroxyl group represented by formula (1) wherein R 1 is H, methyl or trifluoromethyl, X is a single bond or methylene, m is 1 or 2, and the hydroxyl group attaches to a secondary carbon atom. The composition is improved in resolution when processed by lithography.

  一种正性光刻胶组合物包括（A）在酸的作用下在碱性显影剂中变得可溶的树脂组分和（B）酸发生剂。树脂（A）是一种聚合物，包含由式（1）表示的非离去羟基的重复单元，其中R1为H、甲基或三氟甲基，X为单键或亚甲基，m为1或2，并且羟基连接到次级碳原子。当通过光刻工艺处理时，该组合物在分辨率方面得到改善。
• NOVEL PHOTOACID GENERATOR, RESIST COMPOSITION, AND PATTERNING PROCESS
  申请人：Ohsawa Youichi

  公开号：US20090246694A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-10-01

  Photoacid generators generate sulfonic acids of formula ( 1 a) upon exposure to high-energy radiation. ROC(═O)R 1 —COOCH 2 CF 2 SO 3 − H + (1a) RO is OH or C 1 -C 20 organoxy, R 1 is a divalent C 1 -C 20 aliphatic group or forms a cyclic structure with RO. The photoacid generators are compatible with resins and can control acid diffusion and are thus suited for use in chemically amplified resist compositions.

  光酸发生剂在高能辐射作用下生成式（1a）的磺酸。 ROC(═O)R1—COOCH2CF2SO3−H+(1a) RO为OH或C1-C20有机氧基，R1为二价的C1-C20脂肪族基团或与RO形成环状结构。这些光酸发生剂与树脂相容，可以控制酸的扩散，因此适用于化学增感抗蚀组合物的使用。
• POLYMERIZABLE ANION-CONTAINING SULFONIUM SALT AND POLYMER, RESIST COMPOSITION, AND PATTERNING PROCESS
  申请人：OHASHI Masaki

  公开号：US20100099042A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-04-22

  A polymerizable anion-containing sulfonium salt having formula (1) is provided wherein R 1 is H, F, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are C 1 -C 10 alkyl, alkenyl or oxoalkyl or C 6 -C 18 aryl, aralkyl or aryloxoalkyl, or two of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may bond together to form a ring with S, A is a C 2 -C 20 hydrocarbon group having cyclic structure, and n is 0 or 1. The sulfonium salt generates a very strong sulfonic acid upon exposure to high-energy radiation. A resist composition comprising a polymer derived from the sulfonium salt is also provided.

  提供具有式（1）的可聚合含阴离子的亚砜盐，其中R1为H、F、甲基或三氟甲基，R2、R3和R4为C1-C10烷基、烯基或氧代烷基或C6-C18芳基、芳基烷基或芳基氧代烷基，或R2、R3和R4中的两个可以结合在一起形成与S的环，A为具有环状结构的C2-C20烃基团，n为0或1。该亚砜盐在暴露于高能辐射时生成非常强的磺酸。还提供了一种包含从该亚砜盐衍生的聚合物的抗蚀组合物。