dioxouranium;formic acid

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: dioxouranium;formic acid
• 化学式: C2H4O6U
• 分子量: 362.08
• InChiKey: SFIHWLKHBCDNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.84
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  109
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

铀通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被少量吸收。体内的铀通常以铀酰离子（UO2）2+ 的形式存在，与阴离子如柠檬酸盐和碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合。铀优先分布到骨骼、肝脏和肾脏。进入体内的铀大部分不被吸收，并通过尿液和粪便从体内排出。

Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铀与血液中的碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合，但一旦进入肾脏，它就会被释放并与肾小管壁上的磷酸盐配体和蛋白质形成复合物，造成损害。铀还可能抑制肾近端小管中的依赖钠传输和不依赖钠传输的ATP利用以及线粒体的氧化磷酸化。铀通过损害肺泡上皮II型细胞引起呼吸系统疾病。铀诱导c-Jun N端激酶（JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）的激活，进而诱导肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的分泌，在肺部产生炎症反应。研究表明，铀盐的水溶性越大，毒性越强。铀产生的电离辐射损伤DNA，导致基因突变和染色体畸变。这可以启动和促进致癌作用，并干扰繁殖和发育。（L249, A160）

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

铀：第1组，对人类有致癌性（L135）

Uranium: Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铀主要损害肾脏，但也可能损害肺部、中枢神经系统和免疫系统。铀的放射性被认为会损害DNA，导致致癌效果以及生殖和发育损害。

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L249）；吸入（L249）；皮肤给药（L249）

Oral (L249) ; inhalation (L249) ; dermal (L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

摄入铀可能会导致呕吐和腹泻。

Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. (L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)