The invention concerns a process for the preparation of nitric acid esters of organic hydroxy compounds by reacting an organic hydroxy compound with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid and in a solvent, followed by separating off the spent acid, substantially neutralizing the residual acidity of the organic solution, and removing solvent to leave the organic nitrate. From 95% to 220% of the stoichiometric requirement of nitric acid for complete nitration is used. The mole ratio of water to sulphuric acid at the end ofthe reaction is from 0,2:1 to 2,5:1. From 200 to 2000 ml of solvent per mole of hydroxy group is present. Yields of at least 92% are obtained. The invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of alkyl nitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol, monoalkyl ether mononitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol dinitrates, diol nitrates, nitrates containing homocyclic or heterocyclic rings, or nitrates derived from polyols.
本发明涉及一种制备有机羟基化合物
硝酸酯的工艺,其方法是在有
硫酸存在的情况下,在溶剂中使有机羟基化合物与
硝酸反应,然后分离掉废酸,基本上中和有机溶液的残余酸性,并除去溶剂,留下有机
硝酸盐。完全硝化所需的
硝酸为
化学计量需求量的 95% 至 220%。反应结束时
水和
硫酸的摩尔比为 0.2:1 到 2.5:1。每摩尔羟基使用 200 至 2000 毫升溶剂。产率至少为 92%。本发明尤其适用于制备烷基
硝酸盐、亚烷基或聚亚烷基二醇、单烷基醚单
硝酸盐、亚烷基或聚亚烷基二醇二
硝酸盐、二元醇
硝酸盐、含有同环或杂环的
硝酸盐或由多元醇衍生的
硝酸盐。