In rats withdrawn from a chronic treatment with diazepam, the effects of muscimol, given into the III cerebral ventricle, on behavior and spectrum power of activity in the electrocorticogram were studied. In comparison to control rats which received only muscimol, in rats pretreated with diazepam (1 mg/kg/day for 30 consecutive days) the behavioral and electrocorticogram effects of muscimol were significantly reduced or abolished. In fact, in rats pretreated with diazepam a small dose (50 ng) of muscimol did not affect behavior or electrocorticogram activity, in contrast to control animals in which the same dose produced, after a period of locomotor stimulation and electrocorticogram desynchronization, typical and long-lasting behavioral sedation or sleep accompanied by a significant increase in total voltage power and in the lower frequency bands in the electrocorticogram. In addition, larger doses (100 and 200 ng) of muscimol, which in control rats produced a typical biphasic pattern of electrocorticogram and behavioral changes, ie an initial period of electrocorticogram desynchronization and behavioral stimulation, followed by a second period of behavioral and electrocorticogram sleep, in animals pretreated with diazepam, produced only an increase in total voltage power and in the lower frequency bands in the electrocorticogram resembling the effects of the small (50 ng) dose. The present experiments suggest that, after chronic stimulation of benzodiazepine receptors a decrease in sensitivity of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid occurs, since the effects of muscimol on behavior and spectrum power were significantly reduced or abolished.
In male Sprague-Dawley rats acute ethanol (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) produced impairment of motor coordination and induced hypnosis (4.0 g/kg). Muscimol (1.25 mg/kg, ip) prior to ethanol administration enhanced motor impairment as measured by the aerial righting reflex. The rate of ethanol disappearance from the blood was unaltered by muscimol. Functional tolerance to the effect of ethanol on sleep time was produced by a 24 hr ethanol inhalation procedure. Animals tested 48 hr after ethanol inhalation exhibited a reduced sleep time from ethanol (4.0 g/kg). muscimol (1.75 mg/kg) was administered along with ethanol 48 hr following 1 day of ethanol inhalation. Although the animals exhibited tolerance to ethanol-induced hypnosis, they did not manifest tolerance to the effect of muscimol.
When given systemically to rats and humans, the drug of abuse 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy, MDMA) elicits hyperthermia, hyperactivity, tachycardia, and hypertension. Chemically stimulating the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), a brain region known to be involved in thermoregulation and in stress responses, causes similar effects. ...Therefore ... the hypothesis that neuronal activity in the DMH plays a role in MDMA-evoked sympathetic and behavioral responses /was tested/ by microinjecting artificial CSF or muscimol, a neuronal inhibitor, into the DMH prior to intravenous infusion of saline or MDMA in conscious rats. Core temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure and locomotor activity were recorded by telemetry every minute for 120 min. In rats previously microinjected with CSF, MDMA elicited significant increases from baseline in core temperature (+1.3+/-0.3 degrees C), locomotion (+50+/-6 counts/min), heart rate (+142+/-16 beats/min), and mean arterial pressure (+26+/-3 mmHg). Microinjecting muscimol into the DMH prior to MDMA prevented increases in core temperature and locomotion and attenuated increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. ...
A convenient synthesis of muscimol by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction
作者:D. Chiarino、M. Napoletano、A. Sala
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84748-6
日期:——
A simple and large scale approach to the synthesis of muscimol 7 has been developed starting from the easily available dibromoformaldoxime 1.
从容易获得的二溴甲醛肟1开始,已经开发出一种简单且大规模的合成muscimol 7的方法。
A facile synthesis of muscimol
作者:Brian E. McCarry、Marc Savard
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)92445-1
日期:1981.1
The psychoactive isoxazole muscimol 10 has been synthesized in three steps from propargyl chloride.
由炔丙基氯经三步合成了具有精神活性的异恶唑麝香酚10。
Structure elucidation of pantherine, a flycidal alkaloid from Amanita pantherina (DC.) Fr.
作者:YAEKO KONDA、HIROSHI TAKAHASHI、MASAYUKI ONDA
DOI:10.1248/cpb.33.1083
日期:——
Pantherine is identified as 5-aminomethyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole by means of spectroscopic experiments and chemical correlation with synthetic compounds.
通过光谱实验及与合成化合物的化学关联,鉴定出Pantherine为5-氨基甲基-3-羟基异恶唑。
DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 INHIBITORS
申请人:PFIZER INC.
公开号:US20150259323A1
公开(公告)日:2015-09-17
Compounds of Formula I that inhibit the activity of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and their uses in the treatment of diseases linked thereto in animals are described herein.
Zur Kenntnis der<scp>VAN</scp>S<scp>LYKE</scp>-Reaktion des Muscimols und anderer 3-Hydroxyisoxazole. 32. Mitteilung über Inhaltsstoffe von Fliegenpilzen
作者:M. Fràter-Schröder、R. Good、C. H. Eugster
DOI:10.1002/hlca.19690520321
日期:——
3-Hydroxyisoxazole werden unter sehr milden Bedingungen zu instabilen N-Nitrosoverbindungen nitrosiert, welche in verdünnter Essigsäure rasch in N2O und CO2 zerfallen. Die Reaktion kann als Mikromethode zur Erkennung von 3-Hydroxyisoxazolen benutzt werden.
3-羟基异恶唑在室温下逐渐变柔和。Bedingungen zu instabilen N-Nitrosoverbindungen nitrosiert,在N 2 O和CO 2 zerfallen中的VerdünnterEssigsäurerasch中使用。脱氧核糖核酸3-羟基异恶唑酮衍生物。