Characterization of the Potent, Selective Nrf2 Activator, 3-(Pyridin-3-Ylsulfonyl)-5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2<i>H</i>-Chromen-2-One, in Cellular and In Vivo Models of Pulmonary Oxidative Stress
作者:John G. Yonchuk、Joseph P. Foley、Brian J. Bolognese、Gregory Logan、William E. Wixted、Jen-Pyng Kou、Diana G. Chalupowicz、Heidi G. Feldser、Yolanda Sanchez、Hong Nie、James F. Callahan、Jeffrey K. Kerns、Patricia L. Podolin
DOI:10.1124/jpet.117.241794
日期:2017.10
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)–like 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of oxidative stress and cellular repair and can be activated through inhibition of its cytoplasmic repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Several small molecule disrupters of the Nrf2-Keap1 complex have recently been tested and/or approved for human therapeutic use but lack either potency or selectivity. The main goal of our work was to develop a potent, selective activator of NRF2 as protection against oxidative stress. In human bronchial epithelial cells, our Nrf2 activator, 3-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2 H -chromen-2-one (PSTC), induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2-regulated gene expression, and downstream signaling events, including induction of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme activity and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression, in an Nrf2-dependent manner. As a marker of subsequent functional activity, PSTC restored oxidant ( tert -butyl hydroperoxide)–induced glutathione depletion. The compound’s engagement of the Nrf2 signaling pathway translated to an in vivo setting, with induction of Nrf2-regulated gene expression and NQO1 enzyme activity, as well as restoration of oxidant (ozone)–induced glutathione depletion, occurring in the lungs of PSTC-treated rodents. Under disease conditions, PSTC engaged its target, inducing the expression of Nrf2-regulated genes in human bronchial epithelial cells derived from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in the lungs of cigarette smoke–exposed mice. Subsequent to the latter, a dose-dependent inhibition of cigarette smoke–induced pulmonary inflammation was observed. Finally, in contrast with bardoxolone methyl and sulforaphane, PSTC did not inhibit interleukin-1 β –induced nuclear factor- κ B translocation or insulin-induced S6 phosphorylation in human cells, emphasizing the on-target activity of this compound. In summary, we characterize a potent, selective Nrf2 activator that offers protection against pulmonary oxidative stress in several cellular and in vivo models.
核因子(红细胞衍生 2)样 2 (Nrf2) 是氧化应激和细胞修复的关键调节因子,可通过抑制其细胞质阻遏蛋白 Kelch 样 ECH 相关蛋白 1 (Keap1) 来激活。 Nrf2-Keap1 复合物的几种小分子干扰剂最近已被测试和/或批准用于人类治疗用途,但缺乏效力或选择性。我们工作的主要目标是开发一种有效的、选择性的 NRF2 激活剂来对抗氧化应激。在人支气管上皮细胞中,我们的 Nrf2 激活剂 3-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-5-(triflumethyl)-2 H-chromen-2-one (PSTC) 可诱导 Nrf2 核易位、Nrf2 调节的基因表达,以及下游信号事件,包括诱导 NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶 1 (NQO1) 酶活性和血红素加氧酶 1 蛋白表达, Nrf2依赖的方式。作为后续功能活动的标志,PSTC 恢复了氧化剂(叔丁基过氧化氢)诱导的谷胱甘肽消耗。该化合物对 Nrf2 信号通路的参与转化为体内环境,诱导 Nrf2 调节的基因表达和 NQO1 酶活性,以及恢复发生在 PSTC 治疗的肺部的氧化剂(臭氧)诱导的谷胱甘肽消耗啮齿动物。在疾病条件下,PSTC 发挥其作用,诱导慢性阻塞性肺病患者的人支气管上皮细胞以及暴露于香烟烟雾的小鼠的肺部表达 Nrf2 调节基因。在后者之后,观察到对香烟烟雾引起的肺部炎症的剂量依赖性抑制。最后,与巴多索隆甲基和萝卜硫素相比,PSTC 不会抑制人细胞中白细胞介素 1 β 诱导的核因子 κ B 易位或胰岛素诱导的 S6 磷酸化,这强调了该化合物的靶向活性。总之,我们描述了一种有效的、选择性的 Nrf2 激活剂,它可以在多种细胞和体内模型中提供针对肺部氧化应激的保护。