Contribution of Arginine 13 to the Catalytic Activity of Human Class Pi Glutathione Transferase P1-1
作者:Ji-Na Kong、Dong-Hyeon Jo、Hyun-Dong Do、Jin-Ju Lee、Kwang-Hoon Kong
DOI:10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.9.2497
日期:2010.9.20
Arg13 is a conserved active-site residue in all known Pi class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and in most Alpha class GSTs. To evaluate its contribution to substrate binding and catalysis of this residue, three mutants (R13A, R13K, and R13L) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by GSH affinity chromatography. The substitutions of Arg13 significantly affected GSH-conjugation activity, while scarcely affecting glutathione peroxidase or steroid isomerase activities. Mutation of Arg13 into Ala largely reduced the GSH-conjugation activity by approximately 85 - 95%, whereas substitutions by Lys and Leu barely affected activity. These results suggest that, in the GSH-conjugation activity of hGST P1-1, the contribution of Arg13 toward catalytic activity is highly dependent on substrate specificities and the size of the side chain at position 13. From the kinetic parameters, introduction of larger side chains at position 13 results in stronger affinity (Leu > Lys, Arg > Ala) towards GSH. The substitutions of Arg13 with alanine and leucine significantly affected $k_cat}$, whereas substitution with Lys was similar to that of the wild type, indicating the significance of a positively charged residue at position 13. From the plots of log ($k_cat}/K_m}^CDNB}$) against pH, the $pK_a$ values of the thiol group of GSH bound in R13A, R13K, and R13L were estimated to be 1.8, 1.4, and 1.8 pK units higher than the $pK_a$ value of the wild-type enzyme, demonstrating the contribution of the Arg13 guanidinium group to the electrostatic field in the active site. From these results, we suggest that contribution of Arg13 in substrate binding is highly dependent on the nature of the electrophilic substrates, while in the catalytic mechanism, it stabilizes the GSH thiolate through hydrogen bonding.
Arg13 是所有已知的 Pi 类谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GSTs) 和大多数 Alpha 类 GSTs 中一个保守的活性位点残基。为了评估这个残基在底物结合和催化中的贡献,三个突变体(R13A、R13K 和 R13L)在大肠杆菌中表达,并通过 GSH 亲和色谱进行纯化。Arg13 的替代显著影响了 GSH-结合活性,而几乎不影响谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶或类固醇异构酶的活性。将 Arg13 突变为 Ala 大幅减少了 GSH-结合活性,约为 85 - 95%,而用 Lys 和 Leu 替换对活性几乎没有影响。这些结果表明,在人类 GST P1-1 的 GSH-结合活性中,Arg13 对催化活性的贡献高度依赖于底物特异性和位置 13 侧链的大小。从动力学参数来看,位置 13 引入较大侧链会导致对 GSH 的亲和力增强(Leu > Lys,Arg > Ala)。与 Ala 和 Leu 的替换显著影响了 $k_cat}$,而与 Lys 的替换与野生型相似,表明在位置 13 引入一个正电荷残基的重要性。从 log ($k_cat}/K_m}^CDNB}$) 对 pH 的图示中,R13A、R13K 和 R13L 中 GSH 结合的巯基的 $pK_a$ 值估计分别比野生型酶的 $pK_a$ 值高出 1.8、1.4 和 1.8 pK 单位,展示了 Arg13 胍基团在活性位点电场中的贡献。基于这些结果,我们建议 Arg13 在底物结合中的贡献高度依赖于亲电底物的性质,而在催化机制中,它通过氢键稳定 GSH 硫醇盐。