Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXVII. Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Nonapeptides Corresponding to Sequence 41-49 of Eglin c and Examination of Their Inhibitory Activity against Human Leukocyte Cathepsin G and .ALPHA.-Chymotrypsin.
Lysine–spermine conjugates: hydrophobic polyamine amides as potent lipopolysaccharide sequestrants
作者:Mark R. Burns、Stewart J. Wood、Kelly A. Miller、Thuan Nguyen、Jens R. Cromer、Sunil A. David
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.038
日期:2005.4
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), otherwise termed `endotoxins' are outer-membrane constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of `Septic Shock', a major cause of mortality in the critically ill patient. Therapeutic options aimed at limiting downstream systemic inflammatory processes by targeting lipopolysaccharide do not exist at the present time. We have defined the pharmacophore necessary for small molecules to specifically bind and neutralize LPS and, using animal models of sepsis, have shown that the sequestration of circulatory LPS by small molecules is a therapeutically viable strategy. In this paper, the interactions of a focused library of lysine-spermine conjugates with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been characterized. Lysine-spermine conjugates with the epsilon-amino terminus of the lysinyl moiety derivatized with long-chain aliphatic hydrophobic substituents in acyl or alkyl linkage bind and neutralize bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and may be of use in the prevention or treatment of endotoxic shock states. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXVII. Synthesis of Stereoisomeric Nonapeptides Corresponding to Sequence 41-49 of Eglin c and Examination of Their Inhibitory Activity against Human Leukocyte Cathepsin G and .ALPHA.-Chymotrypsin.
A nonapeptide, H-Ser-Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-Asp-Leu-Arg-Tyr-OH, corresponding to sequence 41-49 of eglin c inhibited leukocyte cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin with Ki values of 2.2×10-5 and 7.2×10-6M, respectively, although eglin c itself inhibited leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin with Ki values of 6.0×10-9, 5.5×10-9 and 2.5×10-9M, respectively. The inhibitory activity of the nonapeptide decreased following incubation with cathepsin G due to the cleavage of the Leu45-Asp46 peptide bond. Therefore, Leu45 and/or Asp46 were replaced with D-amino acids and the inhibitory activities of the resultant nonapeptides were examined. Their inhibitory activities against cathepsin G and α-chymotrypsin were much weaker than those of the all-L-type nonapeptide, suggesting that the amino acids at the active site, Leu45 and Asp46 are required to be in the L-configuration for potent activity.