Inhibition of intestinal .ALPHA.-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia by moranoline and its N-alkyl derivatives.
作者:Yoshiaki YOSHIKUNI
DOI:10.1271/bbb1961.52.121
日期:——
Moranoline (1-deoxynojirimycin) isolated from mulberry root bark (Mori Cortex), is a potent intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor. The IC50 values for sucrase and maltase in various animals ranged around 10-7M. Postprandial hyperglycemia in sucrose-, starch-, or maltose-loaded rats was significantly supressed by simultaneous administration of moranoline in doses over 6 mg/kg. In contrast to the potent inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase, the inhibition of β-glucosidase, glucoamylase, and α-amylase was weak. Among the N-substituted alkyl derivatives of moranoline, the methyl and ethyl derivatives had more potent hypoglycemic activity than moranoline in sucrose- or starch-loaded rat models. Nojirimycin, or 2, 5-dihydroxymethyl 3, 4-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP), which structurally resembles moranoline, only weakly inhibited α-glucosidase but strongly inhibited β-glucosidase.
莫拉诺林(1-脱氧诺吉霉素)从桑树根皮(桑皮)中提取,是一种有效的肠道α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。不同动物中蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶的IC50值大约在10-7M左右。在接受蔗糖、淀粉或麦芽糖负荷的老鼠中,同时给予剂量超过6 mg/kg的莫拉诺林能够显著抑制餐后高血糖。与肠道α-葡萄糖苷酶的强效抑制形成对比,β-葡萄糖苷酶、葡萄糖淀粉酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制效应较弱。在莫拉诺林的N取代烷基衍生物中,甲基和乙基衍生物在蔗糖或淀粉负荷的老鼠模型中显示出比莫拉诺林更强的降血糖活性。诺吉霉素或2, 5-二羟甲基-3, 4-二羟吡咯烷(DMDP),与莫拉诺林在结构上相似,仅弱抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶,但对β-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制影响较强。