Route to Prolonged Residence Time at the Histamine H<sub>1</sub> Receptor: Growing from Desloratadine to Rupatadine
作者:Reggie Bosma、Zhiyong Wang、Albert J. Kooistra、Nick Bushby、Sebastiaan Kuhne、Jelle van den Bor、Michael J. Waring、Chris de Graaf、Iwan J. de Esch、Henry F. Vischer、Robert J. Sheppard、Maikel Wijtmans、Rob Leurs
DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00447
日期:2019.7.25
Drug-target binding kinetics are an important predictor of in vivo drug efficacy, yet the relationship between ligand structures and their binding kinetics is often poorly understood. We show that both rupatadine (1) and desloratadine (2) have a long residence time at the histamine H-1 receptor (H1R). Through development of a [H-3]levocetirizine radiolabel, we find that the residence time of 1 exceeds that of 2 more than 10-fold. This was further explored with 22 synthesized rupatadine and desloratadine analogues. Methylene-linked cycloaliphatic or beta-branched substitutions of desloratadine increase the residence time at the H1R, conveying a longer duration of receptor antagonism. However, cycloaliphatic substituents directly attached to the piperidine amine (i.e., lacking the spacer) have decreased binding affinity and residence time compared to their methylene-linked structural analogues. Guided by docking studies, steric constraints within the binding pocket are hypothesized to explain the observed differences in affinity and binding kinetics between analogues.
Design, synthesis and bioevaluation of tricyclic fused ring system as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
discovered non-classical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) function, dual binding-site AChE inhibitors have acquired a paramount attention of drug designing researchers. The unique structural arrangements of AChE peripheral anionic site (PAS) and catalytic site (CAS) joined by a narrow gorge, prompted us to design the inhibitors that can interact with dualbindingsites of AChE. Eighteen homo- and heterodimers of