AbstractIn acid‐catalyzed reactions of long‐chain aliphatic aldehydes (Ia‐d wherea=n‐C7H15;b=n‐C9H19;c=n‐C11H23; d=n‐C13H27), and tridecan‐7‐on (Ie) with 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propane‐diol, 2‐alkyl‐ and 2,2‐dihexyl‐4‐chloromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolanes (IIa‐e) were obtained. They were reacted with anhydrous dimethylamine to obtain, respectively, 2‐alkyl‐and [(2,2‐dihexyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl] dimethylamines (IIIa‐e), which were quaternized with methyl bromide to obtain the desired ammonium bromides (IVa‐e). The structure and purity of the compounds was proved by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, [(2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl] trimethylammonium bromide and [(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐methyl] trimethylammonium bromide were synthesized as nonaggregating standards. Hydrolysis reactions of the synthesized ammonium bromides were performed by 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in 1∶1 (vol/vol) 1,4‐dioxane‐water mixtures at 50, 60 and 70°C. Rate constants of hydrolysis reactions were determined by observing carbonyl group formation at 280 nm. The hydrolytic reactivity of the studied surfactants (IVa‐c,e) was determined under unaggregated conditions. Compound IVd showed decreased reactivity. The length of the 2‐alkyl group has a minor effect on rate constant values. The influence of various substituents at the C‐4 atom of the 2‐nonyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl derivatives on rate constants was also investigated.
摘要 在长链脂肪醛(Ia-d,其中a=n-C7H15;b=n-C9H19;c=n-C11H23;d=n-C13H27)和十三烷-7-酮(Ie)与 3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的酸催化反应中,得到 2-烷基和 2,2-二己基-4-氯甲基-1,3-二氧戊环(IIa-e)。将它们与无水二甲基胺反应,分别得到 2-烷基和[(2,2-二己基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲基]二甲基胺(IIIa-e),再用甲基溴进行季铵化反应,得到所需的溴化铵(IVa-e)。这些化合物的结构和纯度已通过质谱分析和质子核磁共振光谱分析得到证实。此外,还合成了[(2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲基]三甲基溴化铵和[(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲基]三甲基溴化铵作为非聚集标准。在 50、60 和 70°C 温度下,用 0.1 M 盐酸在 1∶1(体积/体积)1,4-二氧六环-水混合物中对合成的溴化铵进行水解反应。通过在 280 纳米波长下观察羰基的形成,确定水解反应的速率常数。所研究的表面活性剂(IVa-c,e)的水解反应活性是在未聚集的条件下测定的。化合物 IVd 的反应性有所降低。2- 烷基的长度对速率常数的影响较小。此外,还研究了 2-壬基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基衍生物 C-4 原子上的各种取代基对速率常数的影响。