Chiral rare earth organophosphates as homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts for the highly enantioselective hetero-Diels–Alder reactions
摘要:
Various trivalent rare earth-chiral phosphate complexes [(R)-l-RE, (R)-3-RE, and (R)-4-Ce] were prepared and evaluated as a Lewis acid catalyst for the asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of aldehydes with the Danishefsky's diene. Some of them effectively promoted the reaction at room temperature in the presence or absence of achiral additives under homogeneous conditions to afford the corresponding cycloadducts with high ee's (up to 99% ee). During these reactions, remarkably high asymmetric amplifications (positive nonlinear effects) were observed as the first example in the metal ion-chiral ligand 1:3 catalytic system. A scandium catalyst bearing the H-8-BNP ligand, (R)-3-Sc, could be recovered after the reaction and successfully reused for the next round of reactions. In addition, the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of alpha-keto esters was effectively catalyzed by the ytterbium complex, (R)-l-Yb, without any additives thus producing the asymmetric quaternary carbon in excellent enantioselectivities (up to > 99% ee). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
DABCO-Mediated [4+2] Annulation of But-3-yn-2-one and Activated Ketones: Facile Preparation of 2,3-Dihydropyran-4-one
作者:Zhong Lian、Qian-Yi Zhao、Yin Wei、Min Shi
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201200264
日期:2012.6
that nitrogen-containing Lewis base mediated [4+2] annulation of but-3-yn-2-one with activated ketones could proceed efficiently to give the corresponding 2,3-dihydropyran-4-ones in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The substrate scope has been carefully examined. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism for the [4+2] annulation of but-3-yn-2-one with activated ketones mediated by DABCO has
A general and efficient protocol for the high-pressure-promoted hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of activated ketones has been developed. The reactions are successfully achieved by thiourea-derived organocatalysts, and the desired adducts, convenient precursors of δ-lactones, are obtained in good to high yields.
Hetero Diels-Alder Type Reactions Between Danishefsky’s Dienes in the Presence of Lewis Base Catalysts. An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 2,3-Dihydropyran-4-ones