六氟代锑酸锂 | 18424-17-4

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱金属盐
• 中文名称: 六氟代锑酸锂
• 中文别名: 六氟锑酸锂
• 英文名称: lithium hexafluoroantimonate
• 英文别名: Lithium;antimony(5+);hexafluoride；lithium;antimony(5+);hexafluoride
• CAS: 18424-17-4
• 化学式: F₆Sb*Li
• 分子量: 242.681
• InChiKey: YVBBFYDVCPCHHG-UHFFFAOYSA-H

物化性质

• 熔点：
  decomposes [ALF95]
• 稳定性/保质期：

  常温常压下稳定，避免与水分、潮湿和酸接触。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.86
• 重原子数：
  8
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  7

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  Xi,Xn,T,N
• 安全说明：
  S61
• 危险类别码：
  R20/22,R51/53
• 危险品运输编号：
  1549
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1
• 储存条件：
  常温下应密闭避光保存，并置于通风、干燥处。

SDS

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Section 1: Product Identification
Chemical Name: Lithium hexafluoroantimonate,min. 97%
CAS Registry Number: 18424-17-4
Formula: LiSbF6
EINECS Number: none
Chemical Family: halometallate salts
Synonym: Lithium antimony hexafluoride

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Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS Number Percent ACGIH (TWA) OSHA (PEL)
Title Compound 18424-17-4 100% 0.5mg/m3 (as Sb) 0.5mg/m3 (as Sb)

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Section 3: Hazards Identification
Dust causes burns to skin and eyes, bleeding gums, laryngitis, headache, anemia, skin eruptions, liver and
Emergency Overview:
kidney damage. Fluoride poisoning may cause nausea, diarrhea, and weakness
Primary Routes of Exposure: Contact with skin and eyes. Inhalation of dust.
Eye Contact: Causes burns and serious eye damage. Effects may not immediately appear.
Skin Contact: Corrosive. Effects may not appear immediately. Antimony may cause dermatitis and skin eruptions.
Inhalation of dust causes burning to the respiratory tract, causing coughing, sore throat, and labored
Inhalation:
breathing.
Ingestion: Ingestion may lead to nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, and convulsions. Lithium salts are toxic.
Burns to eyes and skin. Fluoride poisoning may cause nausea, vomiting and cardiovascular collapse. Lithium
Acute Health Affects:
salts are toxic to the central nervous system.
Prolonged exposure to hydrolysable fluorine compounds can cause deterioration of bone and tooth structure.
Chronic Health Affects: Antimony dust may cause bleeding gums, laryngitis, headache, anemia, skin eruptions, liver and kidney
damage
NTP: No
IARC: No
OSHA: No

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SECTION 4: First Aid Measures
Immediately flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 10-15 minutes. A victim may need
Eye Exposure:
assistance in keeping their eye lids open. Get immediate medical attention.
Wash the affected area with water. Remove contaminated clothes if necessary. Apply calcium gluconate jelly
Skin Exposure:
or water soluble calcium salts as antidote. Seek medical assistance.
Remove the victim to fresh air. Closely monitor the victim for signs of respiratory problems, such as difficulty
Inhalation:
in breathing, coughing, wheezing, or pain. In such cases seek immediate medical assistance.
Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the victim calm. Give the victim water (only if conscious). Induce
Ingestion:
vomiting only if directed by medical personnel.

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SECTION 5: Fire Fighting Measures
Flash Point: not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: none
Explosion Limits: none
Extinguishing Medium: None. Material is non-flammable.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: No special fire fighting procedures required.
Hazardous Combustion and If involved in a fire this material may emit corrosive fumes of hydrofluoric acid.
Decomposion Products:
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards.

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SECTION 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small spills can be mixed with powdered sodium bicarbonate, lime, or calcium carbonate and swept up. Avoid
Spill and Leak Procedures: raising dust. Spillage in areas not adequately ventilated may require an evacuation of area. Emergency
response teams will require self-contained breathing apparatus.

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SECTION 7: Handling and Storage
Store solid in a tightly sealed container away from moisture. Handle under a dry atmosphere of air or nitrogen.
Handling and Storage:
Prolonged exposure to the atmosphere may degrade the product.

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SECTION 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
Eye Protection: Always wear approved safety glasses when handling a chemical substance in the laboratory.
Skin Protection: Wear protective clothing and gloves. Consult with glove manufacturer to determine the proper type of glove.
Ventilation: The material must be handled in an efficient fume hood.
If in form of fine dust and ventilation is not available a respirator should be worn. The use of respirators
Respirator:
requires a Respirator Protection Program to be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134.
Ventilation: The material must be handled in an efficient fume hood.
Additional Protection: No additional protection required.

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SECTION 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Color and Form: white to off-white pwdr.
Molecular Weight: 242.68
Melting Point: no data
Boiling Point: no data
Vapor Pressure: not applicable
Specific Gravity: no data
Odor: none
Solubility in Water: soluble

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SECTION 10: Stability and Reactivity
Stability: hygroscopic
Hazardous Polymerization: no hazardous polymerization
Conditions to Avoid: contact with moisture
Incompatibility: active metals and strong mineral acids
Decomposition Products: Hydrofluoric acid, metal fluorides and antimony oxyfluorides

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SECTION 11: Toxicological Information
RTECS Data: No information available in the RTECS files.
Carcinogenic Effects: no data
Mutagenic Effects: no data
Tetratogenic Effects: no data

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SECTION 12: Ecological Information
Ecological Information: No information available

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SECTION 13: Disposal Considerations
Disposal: Dispose of according to local, state and federal regulations.

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SECTION 14: Transportation
Shipping Name (CFR): Corrosive solids, toxic, N.O.S.
Hazard Class (CFR): 8
Additional Hazard Class (CFR): 6.1
Packaging Group (CFR): II
UN ID Number (CFR): UN# 2923
Shipping Name (IATA): Corrosive Solid, Toxic, N.O.S.
Hazard Class (IATA): 8
Additional Hazard Class (IATA): 6.1
Packaging Group (IATA): II
UN ID Number (IATA): UN# 2923

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SECTION 15: Regulatory Information
TSCA: Not listed in the TSCA inventory.
SARA (Title 313): Title compound: See Category Code N010 for reporting.
Second Ingredient: none

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

六氟代锑酸锂简介

六氟代锑酸锂又称为六氟锑酸锂（LiSbF₆）。该物质是一种斜六面体结构的白色晶体，其中Sb—F键长为1.88 Å，Li—F键长为2.03 Å，Li—Sb—F间的夹角为147.5°。整个晶体结构呈现扭曲的立方NaSbF₆排列，并在波数为294, 350, 558, 668和669 cm⁻¹处存在特征频率。

合成方法

六氟代锑酸锂（LiSbF₆）通常通过以下步骤合成：以LiSb(OH)₆和Sb₂O₃为原料，分别经过锑酸锂法和六氟锑酸法制备得到LiSbF₆溶液。随后浓缩、结晶并干燥，最终获得LiSbF₆晶体。

应用

作为一种重要的锂盐，六氟代锑酸锂（LiSbF₆）在锂离子电池研究中具有广泛应用。这种斜六面体结构的晶体容易吸水而发生潮解，通常需要在干燥环境中保存。

制备方法 氢氟酸溶剂法

传统制备方法为氢氟酸溶剂法：在无水氢氟酸体系中加入SbF₅和LiF，反应生成LiSbF₆溶液。产物经过浓缩结晶析出LiSbF₆晶体。

六氟锑酸法

在水溶液体系中Sb₂O₃与氢氟酸及双氧水进行氧化溶解反应制备HSbF₆溶液，然后加入锂源（如Li₂CO₃）与HSbF₆反应生成LiSbF₆溶液。该溶液经过浓缩、结晶和干燥后得到LiSbF₆晶体。

锑酸锂法

以锑酸锂为前驱体制备LiSbF₆的方法：首先将LiSb(OH)₆加入到HF水溶液中反应，产生LiSbF₆溶液。然后经过浓缩结晶、干燥后得到LiSbF₆晶体。

该方法避免了使用腐蚀性极强的无水氢氟酸作为反应介质，工艺更为温和且成本较低。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  六氟代锑酸锂 、 (bis(8-quinolyl)(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)phosphine)NiCl2 以 氟苯 为溶剂， 反应 48.0h， 以69%的产率得到[(bis(8-quinolyl)(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)phosphine)2Ni2(μ-Cl)3][SbF6]
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [EN] FIRST ROW METAL-BASED CATALYSTS FOR HYDOSILYLATION
  [FR] CATALYSEURS D'HYDROSILYLATION À BASE DE MÉTAUX DE LA PREMIÈRE RANGÉE

  摘要：

  在各种实施方式中，该发明提供了磷配体支持的第一行金属催化剂，具有令人惊讶和高效的催化活性，可用于对π-键合底物进行氢硅烷基化反应。还提供了使用该发明的催化剂制备氢硅烷基化合物的方法。

  公开号：

  WO2013120057A1
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氢氟酸 、 五氟化锑 、 lithium fluoride 以 氢氟酸 为溶剂， 生成 六氟代锑酸锂
  参考文献：
  名称：

  碱金属和铊多氟锑酸盐的合成和表征，ASbnF5n+1 (n = 2, 3)

  摘要：

  AF (A = K, Rb, Tl) 与过量液体 SbF 5 在无水 HF (或 SO 2 ) 中在室温下反应得到具有组成 ASb 2 F 11 的产物。CsF 与无水 HF 中少量过量的 SbF 5（0.76 mmol CsF + 4.19 mmol SbF 5 在 4 mL aHF 中）之间的反应产生 CsSb 2 F 11 ，而与大量过量 SbF 5 (0.79 mmol CsF + 23 mmol Sbf 5 在 10 mL aHF) 中产生盐 CsSb 3 F 16 。使用 Li 和 Na 的单氟化物制备类似化合物的努力仅导致已知的 ASbF 6 化合物。AF (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) 与液体 SbF 5 在 85 °C 下在没有溶剂的情况下反应产生产物 NaSbF 6 、ASb 2 F 11 (A = K、Rb) 和 CsSb 3 F 16 ，分别。KSb 2 F

  DOI：

  10.1002/ejic.200500856
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  5-己烯-1-醇 、 (2-溴乙炔基)三异丙基硅烷 在 dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium (III) dimer 、 六氟代锑酸锂 作用下， 以 1,2-二氯乙烷 为溶剂， 反应 16.0h， 以26%的产率得到(E)-8-(triisopropylsilyl)oct-4-en-7-yn-1-ol
  参考文献：
  名称：

  铑（III）催化末端烯烃的C（sp3）-H炔基化催化合成跳过的烯炔

  摘要：

  在室温下，Rh III催化的未活化末端烯烃的烯丙基CH炔基化反应选择性地导致线性1,4-炔烃。催化体系可耐受多种官能团，而不会在其他位置竞争官能团。类似地，α，β-和β，γ-不饱和酰胺的乙烯基C-H炔基化反应得到共轭的Z-1,3-烯炔和烯二炔。

  DOI：

  10.1002/anie.202014877

文献信息

• The reaction of Li[Al(OR)₄] R = OC(CF₃)₂Ph, OC(CF₃)₃with NO/NO₂giving NO[Al(OR)₄], Li[NO₃] and N₂O. The synthesis of NO[Al(OR)₄] from Li[Al(OR)₄] and NO[SbF₆] in sulfur dioxide solution
  作者：Andreas Decken、H. Donald Brooke Jenkins、Grigori B. Nikiforov、Jack Passmore

  DOI：10.1039/b405715e

  日期：——

  energy of Li[NO3] (s) [UPOT = 862 kJ mol−1]. Evidence is presented that the reaction proceeds via a complex of [Li]+ with NO, NO2 (or their dimers) and N2O. NO2 and Li[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] gave NO3(NO)3}[Al(OC(CF3)3)4]2, NO[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] and (NO2)[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] products. The aluminium complex Li[AlF(OC(CF3)2Ph)3]}23 was prepared by the thermal decomposition of Li[Al(OC(CF3)2Ph)4]. Compounds 1 and 3 were characterized

  通过[NO（Al（OC（CF 3）2 Ph）4 ] 1和NO [Al（OC（CF 3）3）4 ] 2得到NO [Al（OC（CF 3）2 Ph）4 ] 1和NO [Al（OC（CF 3）3）4 ] 2。复分解反应液中NO [SbF 6 ]和相应的Li [Al（OR）4 ]盐的合成二氧化硫溶液的分离产率约为40％（1）和85％（2）。1和2，以及锂[NO 3 ]和N 2 O，也通过使过量的（90摩尔％）NO，（10摩尔％）NO混合物的反应给定的2与Li [铝（OR）4 ]，然后用SO 2萃取。2NO 2（g）对[NO] +（g）和[NO 3 ] -（g）的不利歧化反应[ ΔH °= +616.2 kJ mol -1 ]被3NO（）的歧化能所补偿g）至N2 O（g）和NO 2（g）[ ΔH °= -155.4 kJ mol -1 ]和Li [NO 3 ]（s）的晶格能[ U POT = 862
• Synthesis of Au(II) Fluoro Complexes and Their Structural and Magnetic Properties
  作者：Scott H. Elder、George M. Lucier、Frederick J. Hollander、Neil Bartlett

  DOI：10.1021/ja9630654

  日期：1997.2.1

  Gold at similar to 20 degrees C with F-2 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) acidified with SbF5 dissolves to a red solution from which orange Au-II(SbF6)(2) crystallizes on removal of volatiles. Au(SbF6)(2) is triclinic with a=5.300(1) Angstrom, b=5.438(1) Angstrom, c=8.768(2) Angstrom, alpha=76.872(3)degrees, beta=88.736(3)degrees, gamma=68.109(3)degrees, V=227.79(7) Angstrom(3), and Z=1, space group . Each Au(II) atom, at (1) over bar, is at the center of an elongated octahedron of F ligands; the four F's of the approximately square AuF4 unit are at 2.09(2) Angstrom x2 Angstrom and 2.15(2) Angstrom x2, each F provided by a different SbF6 species. The two long Au-F interatomic distances are at 2.64(2) Angstrom. The SbF6 are grossly distorted in their interactions with the Au. A cis pair of F ligands of each SbF6, make close approach to two different gold atoms, stretching Sb-F to 1.99(2) and 1.94(2) Angstrom. In each case the Sb-F distances trans to these stretched Sb-F bonds are short,being 1.85(2) and 1.84(2) Angstrom, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show antiferromagnetic coupling with a susceptibility decrease below 13 K. Solvolysis of Au-II(SbF6)(2) in aHF is accompanied by disproportionation: 4Au(SbF6)(2)-->Au+Au3F8+8SbF(5)(solv). Fluorination, at similar to 20 degrees C, of the solution of Au(SbF6)(2), in SbF5 acidified aHF, precipitates red crystals of triclinic Au-IISbF6}Au-2(II)(AuF4)-F-III}(2) with a(o)=5.2345(2) Angstrom, b(o)=8.1218(1) Angstrom, c(o)=10.5977(3) Angstrom, alpha=100.090(2)degrees, beta=100.327(2)degrees, gamma=104.877(2)degrees, V=416.63(2) Angstrom(3), space group , and Z=1. It is a simple paramagnet. The structure shows two different Au(II) environments, each approximately square-coordinated by F ligands, one being coordinated trans by an F ligand of each of two SbF6 and similarly by an F ligand from each of two (AuF4)-F-III species. The other Au(II) is approximately square-coordinated via bridging F ligands to four different (AuF4)-F-III species. Au-IISbF6}Au-2(II)(AuF4)-F-III}(2) with KAuF4 in aHF yields Au3F8 free of metallic gold,the simple paramagnetism of which indicates the formulation Au-II(AuF4)-F-III}(2).