毒理性
溴化钾是一种固体。溴化钾可用于生产摄影级溴化银、在过程雕刻和印刷术中使用。溴化钾的其他用途包括在石油工业中的清洁完井液、作为药物中间体和在纤维制造中。它已在人类和兽药治疗中使用。人体研究:一名3岁女孩在接受溴化钾治疗癫痫后出现了溴化皮肤结核病。在减少溴化物剂量后,症状消失。两名对碘过敏的女性在接受溴化钾溶液作为逆行肾盂造影的放射性对比剂后,出现了类似的临床状况,最终导致肾衰竭。肾衰竭是由于上尿路梗阻,纤维化和脂肪坏死。每例情况。摄入12-50克/人的溴化钾(8例)导致呕吐、腹泻、胃炎、无尿、急性肾病、尿毒症、神经细胞和肾近曲小管的变性、肾脏和肝脏的脂肪变性、大脑和肾脏的水肿、溶血,5天后死亡。动物研究:溴化钾、苯巴比妥或两者的组合常用于治疗犬癫痫。在用溴化钾治疗后,有几例犬临床胰腺炎的报道。在一项回顾性研究中,至少10%的犬在接受溴化钾/苯巴比妥组合治疗后,与0.3%的犬接受苯巴比妥单药治疗相比,可能患有胰腺炎。胰腺炎可能是溴化钾/苯巴比妥组合治疗比以前报道的更频繁和更严重的副作用。一名8岁的拉布拉多寻回犬在接受溴化钾治疗癫痫后,被诊断为溴化物中毒,剂量为29毫克/千克体重/天。临床症状包括后肢无力、共济失调和定向障碍。通过测定内生肌酐清除率诊断出的肾功能障碍被认为是这条狗发生溴化物中毒的原因。报道了两例与狗服用溴化钾有关的急性胰腺炎。两只狗都接受溴化钾治疗特发性癫痫超过一年。两例中的剂量增加与急性胰腺炎有关,其特征是在躯干上广泛分布的疼痛性皮下结节。一只狗的结节发作时隐时现,另一只狗持续存在。在两种情况下,急性胰腺炎都伴有嗜睡和发热。生态毒理学研究:溴化钾对水生生物的影响远小于溴酸钾和溴酸钠。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Potassium bromide is a solid. Potassium bromide may be utilized for the production of photographic-grade silver bromide, in process engraving, and lithography. Other uses for potassium bromide are in clear completion fluids in the petroleum industry, as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and in the manufacture of fibers. It has been used therapeutically in human and veterinary medicine. HUMAN STUDIES: A 3-year-old girl experienced bromoderma tuberosum following potassium bromide treatment for epilepsy. The symptoms disappeared after reduction of the bromide dose. Two iodine-sensitive women in whom potassium bromide solution was used as a radiocontrast agent for retrograde pyelography developed similar clinical conditions culminating in renal failure. Renal failure was due to upper urinary tract obstruction from fibrosis and fat necrosis in each case. Ingestion of potassium bromide at 12-50 g/man (8 cases) caused vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis, anuria, acute nephrosis, uremia, degeneration of neurons and proximal tubules of kidney, fatty degeneration of kidney and liver, edema in brain and kidney, hemolysis, then death 5 days later. ANIMAL STUDIES: Potassium bromide, phenobarbital, or a combination of both is commonly used in the treatment of canine epilepsy. Several cases of clinical pancreatitis have been reported in dogs after treatment with potassium bromide. In a retrospective study, at least 10% of dogs receiving potassium bromide/phenobarbital combination therapy, compared with 0.3% of dogs receiving phenobarbital monotherapy, had probable pancreatitis. Pancreatitis may be a more frequent and more serious adverse effect of potassium bromide/phenobarbital combination therapy than has been reported previously. Bromide toxicosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old Labrador Retriever that had been treated for epilepsy with potassium bromide, at a dosage of 29 mg/kg of body weight/d. Clinical signs included hind limb weakness, ataxia, and disorientation. Renal insufficiency, diagnosed by determination of endogenous creatinine clearance, was believed to be responsible for the development of bromide toxicosis in this dog. Two cases of panniculitis associated with administration of potassium bromide in dogs are reported. Both dogs were treated with potassium bromide for idiopathic epilepsy for over 1 year. Dose increases in both cases were associated with panniculitis, characterized by painful subcutaneous nodules in a generalized distribution over the trunk. Nodule eruption waxed and waned in one dog and was persistent in the other. In both cases, panniculitis was accompanied by lethargy and pyrexia. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The effects of potassium bromide on the aquatic organisms were far smaller than those of potassium bromate and sodium bromate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)