摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

溴化钾 | 7758-02-3

中文名称
溴化钾
中文别名
溴化钾,标准液
英文名称
potassium;bromide
英文别名
Potassium Bromide
溴化钾化学式
CAS
7758-02-3
化学式
BrK
mdl
——
分子量
119.0
InChiKey
IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    734 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    1435 °C/1 atm (lit.)
  • 密度:
    3.119 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    7.14 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    1435°C
  • 溶解度:
    H2O:1 Mat 20 °C,透明,无色
  • 最大波长(λmax):
    λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
  • 介电常数:
    4.8700000000000001
  • LogP:
    1 at 25℃
  • 物理描述:
    Potassium bromide appears as odorless colorless crystals or white crystalline powder or white granular solid with a pungent bitter saline taste. Aqueous solutions are neutral (pH about 7). (NTP, 1992)
  • 颜色/状态:
    Colorless crystals or white granules or powder
  • 气味:
    Odorless
  • 味道:
    Pungent, strong, bitter, saline
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1 mm Hg at 1463 °F (NTP, 1992)
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 具有微弱的吸湿性,遇光会变黄。该物质能溶于1.5mL水、1mL沸水、250mL乙醇和4.6mL甘油中,并且其水溶液呈中性。为了避免摄入或吸入溴化钾,应防止眼睛和皮肤直接接触它。工作人员应注意做好防护措施,如不慎触及皮肤和眼睛,请立即用大量清水冲洗。 2. 溴易溶于水中,在100g水中溶解度为53.5g(0℃)、65.2g(20℃)、104.0g(100℃)。溴在溴化钾水溶液中的溶解度更高,100g的30%溴化钾水溶液可溶解82g溴,而在40%的溴化钾溶液中可溶解143g。此外,溴也易溶于甘油中,但难溶于冷乙醇和丙酮。它能被溴酸钾和氯等氧化剂氧化生成游离的溴。 3. 溴离子可以被氟或氯取代。与硫酸反应会生成溴化氢,而与硝酸银反应则会产生黄色的溴化银沉淀。
  • 分解:
    Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Hydrogen bromide gas, Potassium oxides.
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction = 1.559

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -5.99
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

毒理性
  • 毒性总结
溴化钾是一种固体。溴化钾可用于生产摄影级溴化银、在过程雕刻和印刷术中使用。溴化钾的其他用途包括在石油工业中的清洁完井液、作为药物中间体和在纤维制造中。它已在人类和兽药治疗中使用。人体研究:一名3岁女孩在接受溴化钾治疗癫痫后出现了溴化皮肤结核病。在减少溴化物剂量后,症状消失。两名对碘过敏的女性在接受溴化钾溶液作为逆行肾盂造影的放射性对比剂后,出现了类似的临床状况,最终导致肾衰竭。肾衰竭是由于上尿路梗阻,纤维化和脂肪坏死。每例情况。摄入12-50克/人的溴化钾(8例)导致呕吐、腹泻、胃炎、无尿、急性肾病、尿毒症、神经细胞和肾近曲小管的变性、肾脏和肝脏的脂肪变性、大脑和肾脏的水肿、溶血,5天后死亡。动物研究:溴化钾、苯巴比妥或两者的组合常用于治疗犬癫痫。在用溴化钾治疗后,有几例犬临床胰腺炎的报道。在一项回顾性研究中,至少10%的犬在接受溴化钾/苯巴比妥组合治疗后,与0.3%的犬接受苯巴比妥单药治疗相比,可能患有胰腺炎。胰腺炎可能是溴化钾/苯巴比妥组合治疗比以前报道的更频繁和更严重的副作用。一名8岁的拉布拉多寻回犬在接受溴化钾治疗癫痫后,被诊断为溴化物中毒,剂量为29毫克/千克体重/天。临床症状包括后肢无力、共济失调和定向障碍。通过测定内生肌酐清除率诊断出的肾功能障碍被认为是这条狗发生溴化物中毒的原因。报道了两例与狗服用溴化钾有关的急性胰腺炎。两只狗都接受溴化钾治疗特发性癫痫超过一年。两例中的剂量增加与急性胰腺炎有关,其特征是在躯干上广泛分布的疼痛性皮下结节。一只狗的结节发作时隐时现,另一只狗持续存在。在两种情况下,急性胰腺炎都伴有嗜睡和发热。生态毒理学研究:溴化钾对水生生物的影响远小于溴酸钾和溴酸钠。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Potassium bromide is a solid. Potassium bromide may be utilized for the production of photographic-grade silver bromide, in process engraving, and lithography. Other uses for potassium bromide are in clear completion fluids in the petroleum industry, as a pharmaceutical intermediate, and in the manufacture of fibers. It has been used therapeutically in human and veterinary medicine. HUMAN STUDIES: A 3-year-old girl experienced bromoderma tuberosum following potassium bromide treatment for epilepsy. The symptoms disappeared after reduction of the bromide dose. Two iodine-sensitive women in whom potassium bromide solution was used as a radiocontrast agent for retrograde pyelography developed similar clinical conditions culminating in renal failure. Renal failure was due to upper urinary tract obstruction from fibrosis and fat necrosis in each case. Ingestion of potassium bromide at 12-50 g/man (8 cases) caused vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis, anuria, acute nephrosis, uremia, degeneration of neurons and proximal tubules of kidney, fatty degeneration of kidney and liver, edema in brain and kidney, hemolysis, then death 5 days later. ANIMAL STUDIES: Potassium bromide, phenobarbital, or a combination of both is commonly used in the treatment of canine epilepsy. Several cases of clinical pancreatitis have been reported in dogs after treatment with potassium bromide. In a retrospective study, at least 10% of dogs receiving potassium bromide/phenobarbital combination therapy, compared with 0.3% of dogs receiving phenobarbital monotherapy, had probable pancreatitis. Pancreatitis may be a more frequent and more serious adverse effect of potassium bromide/phenobarbital combination therapy than has been reported previously. Bromide toxicosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old Labrador Retriever that had been treated for epilepsy with potassium bromide, at a dosage of 29 mg/kg of body weight/d. Clinical signs included hind limb weakness, ataxia, and disorientation. Renal insufficiency, diagnosed by determination of endogenous creatinine clearance, was believed to be responsible for the development of bromide toxicosis in this dog. Two cases of panniculitis associated with administration of potassium bromide in dogs are reported. Both dogs were treated with potassium bromide for idiopathic epilepsy for over 1 year. Dose increases in both cases were associated with panniculitis, characterized by painful subcutaneous nodules in a generalized distribution over the trunk. Nodule eruption waxed and waned in one dog and was persistent in the other. In both cases, panniculitis was accompanied by lethargy and pyrexia. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The effects of potassium bromide on the aquatic organisms were far smaller than those of potassium bromate and sodium bromate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 副作用
神经毒素 - 其他中枢神经系统神经毒素
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 相互作用
溴化物治疗成功地控制了一名11岁的患有癫痫和假定与苯巴比妥相关的肝病的腊肠犬的癫痫发作。由于溴化物不会诱导肝酶活性,并且似乎不具有肝脏毒性,因此它可以用于控制同时患有癫痫和肝脏疾病的狗的癫痫发作。在这只狗中,实施一种具有高氯含量的特殊溶解结石饮食与血清溴化物浓度降低和癫痫发作的复发有关。高氯摄入量增加了狗体内溴化物的排泄,导致喂食高氯饮食的狗需要更高剂量的溴化物。
Bromide treatment was successful in controlling seizures in an 11-year-old Dachshund with epilepsy and presumptive phenobarbital-associated hepatopathy. Because bromide does not induce liver enzyme activity and does not seem to be hepatotoxic, it can be used to control seizures in dogs with concurrent epilepsy and hepatic disease. In this dog, institution of a special calculolytic diet with high chloride content was associated with a decrease in serum bromide concentrations and the recurrence of seizures. High chloride intake increases the elimination of bromide in dogs, leading to higher dosage requirements for bromide in dogs fed high-chloride diets.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸,请开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩设备或口袋面罩,按训练操作。如有必要,执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐,让患者向前倾或置于左侧(如果可能的话,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 基本治疗:建立专利气道(如有需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有需要,辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿,如有必要,进行治疗……。监测休克,如有必要,进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作,如有必要,进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水,则用温水冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后,用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
目标:已经描述了多种方法来测量对规定药物治疗的依从性。然而,其中大多数已被证明是不准确的。溴化物是一种易于在小肠吸收的阴离子,其消除半衰期约为12天。在当前研究中,我们调查了溴化物的药代动力学特性,目的是将其用作药物依从性的衡量标准。 方法:每组8名健康志愿者分别每天服用15、24或30毫克溴化钾,持续20周。每两周测量一次血清中的溴化物浓度。 结果:每日服用剂量与溴化物浓度平均增加之间存在线性关系。在每个组中都可以看到相当大的个体间变异性。对身体重量进行校正后,每日溴化物剂量与浓度增加之间的相关性得到了改善(r=0.78,p<0.01)。 结论:不幸的是,溴化物清除的个体间变异性相当大。这限制了溴化物主要用于在长期随访期间测量个别患者的依从性。溴化物似乎是一个潜在的、有用的标记,可以添加到药物中,用于评估个别患者对长期药物治疗的依从性。这需要在各种患者中进行调查,特别是对于那些症状相对较轻的疾病患者(例如高血压)。
OBJECTIVE: Several methods have been described to measure adherence to prescribed drug therapy. However, most of these have been shown to be inaccurate. Bromide is an anion that is readily absorbed in the gut and has an elimination half-life of about 12 days. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of bromide with the objective to use it as a measure of drug adherence. METHODS: Three groups of each 8 healthy volunteers took 15, 24 or 30 mg potassium bromide, respectively, daily for 20 weeks. Serum concentrations of bromide were measured every two weeks. RESULTS: There was a linear relationship between the daily dosage taken and the mean increase of bromide concentration. In every group considerable inter-individual variability was seen. Correction for body weight resulted in an improved correlation between daily bromide dose and increase in concentration (r=0.78, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Unfortunately, the inter-individual variability in clearance of bromide was considerable. This limits the use of bromide to primarily measuring adherence in individual patients during long term follow-up. Bromide appears to be a potentially useful marker to be added to drugs for assessment of individual adherence to long term drug therapy. This needs to be investigated in various patients, particularly for patients with relatively asymptomatic diseases (e.g. hypertension).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
目标:确定在单次和多次口服剂量后,溴化钾(KBr)在马体内的药代动力学。动物:十二匹成年的标准bred和thoroughbred母马。程序:马匹被随机分配到两个治疗组。第一组的马匹接受单次口服剂量120毫克/公斤的溴化钾。研究的第二部分评估了通过胃管每天给予120毫克/公斤KBr的负荷剂量,连续5天,然后在饲料中每天给予40毫克/公斤,连续7天。测量血清中KBr的浓度以构建浓度-时间曲线并计算药代动力学参数。治疗马匹每天通过临床检查监测两次。测定血清中的钠、钾和氯离子浓度以及静脉血气体的部分压力。结果:单次给予KBr(120毫克/公斤)后的最大平均血清浓度为423 +/- 22微克/毫升,平均消除半衰期为75 +/- 14小时。重复给予KBr的负荷剂量(每天一次,连续5天)产生了1639 +/- 156微克/毫升的最大血清浓度。给予较低维持剂量(40毫克/公斤,每天一次)与血清溴化物浓度降低有关,在大约1000微克/毫升时达到稳定。给予KBr与血清钾和钠浓度的显著但短暂变化有关,可能还会影响碱过剩和血浆碳酸氢盐浓度。在离子特异性电极上测量时,高血清溴化物浓度与血清氯浓度明显增加有关。结论:每天连续5天给予120毫克/公斤的负荷剂量和每天一次给予大约90毫克/公斤的维持剂量的KBr,产生的血清溴化物浓度与在其他物种中用于治疗癫痫的管理效果一致。这种药物作为抗惊厥药物和/或镇静剂在马匹中的临床效果值得进一步研究。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of potassium bromide (KBr) in horses after single and multiple oral doses. ANIMALS: Twelve adult Standardbred and Thoroughbred mares. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Group 1 horses were given a single oral dose of 120 mg/kg potassium bromide. Part 2 of the study evaluated a loading dose of 120 mg/kg KBr daily by stomach tube for 5 days, followed by 40 mg/kg daily in feed for 7 days. Serum concentrations of KBr were measured to construct concentration versus time curves and to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Treated horses were monitored twice daily by clinical examination. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ions and partial pressures of venous blood gases were determined. RESULTS: Maximum mean serum concentration following a single dose of KBr (120 mg/kg) was 423 +/- 22 ug/mL and the mean elimination half-life was 75 +/- 14 hr. Repeated administration of a loading dose of KBr (120 mg/kg once daily for 5 day) gave a maximum serum concentration 1639 +/- 156 ug/mL. The administration of lower, maintenance doses (40 mg/kg once daily) was associated with decreased serum bromide concentrations, which plateaued at approximately 1000 ug/mL. Administration of KBr was associated with significant but transient changes in serum potassium and sodium concentrations, and possible changes in base excess and plasma bicarbonate concentrations. High serum concentrations of bromide were associated with an apparent increase in serum chloride concentrations, when measured on an ion specific electrode. CONCLUSIONS: and clinical relevance Loading doses of 120 mg/kg daily over 5 days and maintenance doses of approximately 90 mg/kg of KBr administered once daily resulted in serum bromide concentrations consistent with therapeutic efficacy for the management of seizures in other species. The clinical efficacy of this agent as an anticonvulsant medication and/or calmative in horses warrants further investigation.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
目标:确定绵羊在单次静脉(IV)和口服(PO)给药后溴化物的药代动力学。程序:将16只美利奴羊随机分配到两个治疗组,给予120 mg/kg的溴化物,作为静脉注射的氯化钠溴化物或口服的氯化钾溴化物。通过比色分光光度法测定血清溴化物浓度。结果:静脉给药后,最大浓度(Cmax)为822.11 ± 93.61 mg/L,分布体积(Vd)为0.286 ± 0.031 L/kg,清除率(Cl)为0.836 ± 0.255 mL/hr/kg。口服给药后,Cmax为453.86 ± 43.37 mg/L,达到最大浓度的时间(Tmax)为108 ± 125小时。静脉和口服给药后溴化物的终末半衰期分别为387.93 ± 115.35小时和346.72 ± 94.05小时。溴化物的口服生物利用度(F)为92%。在本研究中,两个治疗组在治疗期间均未观察到不良反应。浓度-时间曲线显示出二次峰值,提示药物在胃肠道的循环再分布。结论和临床相关性:口服给药时,绵羊体内的溴化物具有大约14天的长半衰期,且生物利用度良好。氯化钾溴化物是一种易于获得、价格合理的盐类,作为一种镇静剂、安眠药和抗惊厥疗法,在其他物种中有着悠久的药用历史。在许多养殖活动和群体水平的神经系统状况中,包括多年生黑麦草毒素病,溴化物可能具有治疗或预防应用。
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of bromide in sheep after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) doses. PROCEDURE: Sixteen Merino sheep were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and given 120 mg/kg bromide, as sodium bromide IV or potassium bromide PO. Serum bromide concentrations were determined by colorimetric spectrophotometry. RESULTS: After IV administration the maximum concentration (Cmax) was 822.11 +/- 93.61 mg/L, volume of distribution (Vd ) was 0.286 +/- 0.031 L/kg and the clearance (Cl) was 0.836 +/- 0.255 mL/hr/kg. After PO administration the Cmax was 453.86 +/- 43.37 mg/L and the time of maximum concentration (Tmax ) was 108 +/- 125 hr. The terminal half-life of bromide after IV and PO administration was 387.93 +/- 115.35 hr and 346.72 +/- 94.05 hr, respectively. The oral bioavailability (F) of bromide was 92%. No adverse reactions were noted in either treatment group during this study. The concentration versus time profiles exhibited secondary peaks, suggestive of gastrointestinal cyclic redistribution of the drug. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When administered PO, bromide in sheep has a long half-life of approximately 14 days, with good bioavailability. Potassium bromide is a readily available, affordable salt with a long history of medical use as an anxiolytic, sedative and antiseizure therapy in other species. There are a number of husbandry activities and flock level neurological conditions, including perennial ryegrass toxicosis, in which bromide may have therapeutic or prophylactic application.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
溴化钾(KBr)在正常犬多剂量给药方案中的药代动力学进行了研究。KBr以30 mg/kg口服,每12小时一次,持续115天。在开始给药时、积累期、稳态以及后续剂量调整后,测量了血清、尿液和脑脊液(CSF)中溴化物(BR)的浓度。中位消除半衰期和稳态血清浓度分别为15.2天和245 mg/dL。表观总体清除率为16.4 mL/天/kg,分布体积为0.40 L/kg。稳态时CSF:血清BR比值为0.77。在维持剂量期间,犬没有显示出神经学缺陷,但脑干听觉诱发电位的I波和V波出现了显著的潜伏期变化。在后续剂量调整后,大约400 mg/dL的血清BR浓度与两只犬的尾部轻瘫有关。积累期估计的半衰期短于其他研究中报告的消除半衰期,这可能与饮食中氯化物含量有关。达到的稳态浓度范围表明狗之间在清除率和生物利用度上存在个体差异。所描述的方案可靠地产生了许多癫痫患者所需的血清BR浓度,以达到满意的癫痫控制。
The pharmacokinetics of a multidose regimen of potassium bromide (KBr) administration in normal dogs was examined. KBr was administered at 30 mg/kg p.o. q 12 hr for a period of 115 days. Serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bromide (BR) concentrations were measured at the onset of dosing, during the accumulation phase, at steady-state, and after a subsequent dose adjustment. Median elimination half-life and steady-state serum concentration were 15.2 days and 245 mg/dL, respectively. Apparent total body clearance was 16.4 mL/day/kg and volume of distribution was 0.40 L/kg. The CSF:serum BR ratio at steady-state was 0.77. Dogs showed no neurologic deficits during maintenance dosing but significant latency shifts in waves I and V of the brainstem auditory evoked response were evident. Following a subsequent dose adjustment, serum BR concentrations of approximately 400 mg/dL were associated with caudal paresis in two dogs. Estimated half-life during the accumulation phase was shorter than elimination half-lives reported in other studies and was likely related to dietary chloride content. The range of steady-state concentrations achieved suggests individual differences in clearance and bioavailability between dogs. The described protocol reliably produced serum BR concentrations that are required by many epileptic patients for satisfactory seizure control.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36,S39,S45,S61,S7/9
  • 危险类别码:
    R36,R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 海关编码:
    2827510000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1744 8/PG 1
  • RTECS号:
    TS7650000
  • 包装等级:
    Z01
  • 危险标志:
    GHS07
  • 危险性描述:
    H319
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P280,P305 + P351 + P338,P337 + P313
  • 储存条件:
    2-8°C

SDS

SDS:34e45e288e093c7ec8aed85928f61946
查看
第一部分:化学品名称
化学品中文名称: 溴化钾
化学品英文名称: Potassium bromide;Bromidesalt of potassium
中文俗名或商品名:
Synonyms:
CAS No.: 7758-02-3
分子式: KBr。
分子量: 119.01
第二部分:成分/组成信息
纯化学品 混合物
化学品名称:溴化钾
有害物成分 含量 CAS No.
第三部分:危险性概述
危险性类别:
侵入途径: 吸入 食入
健康危害: 吸入对呼吸道有刺激性。对眼和皮肤有刺激性。摄入后引起头痛、头晕、恶心、呕吐、胃肠道刺激症状。
环境危害:
燃爆危险:
第四部分:急救措施
皮肤接触: 脱去污染的衣着,用大量流动清水彻底冲洗。
眼睛接触: 立即翻开上下眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。
吸入: 迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入: 给饮足量温水,催吐,就医。
第五部分:消防措施
危险特性: 受高热分解产生有毒的溴化物气体。
有害燃烧产物:
灭火方法及灭火剂: 泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。
消防员的个体防护:
禁止使用的灭火剂:
闪点(℃): 无意义
自燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃):无意义
爆炸下限[%(V/V)]: 无意义
爆炸上限[%(V/V)]: 无意义
最小点火能(mJ):
爆燃点:
爆速:
最大燃爆压力(MPa):
建规火险分级:
第六部分:泄漏应急处理
应急处理: 戴好防毒面具和手套。用大量水冲洗,经稀释的洗液放入废水系统。如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃。
第七部分:操作处置与储存
操作注意事项:
储存注意事项:
第八部分:接触控制/个体防护
最高容许浓度: 中 国 MAC:未制订标准前苏联 MAC:未制订标准美国TLV—TWA:未制订标准
监测方法:
工程控制: 生产过程密闭,加强通风。
呼吸系统防护: 作业工人应戴口罩。
眼睛防护: 可采用安全面罩。
身体防护: 穿工作服。
手防护: 必要时戴防护手套。
其他防护: 工作后,淋浴更衣。保持良好的卫生习惯。
第九部分:理化特性
外观与性状: 白色结晶或粉末,无臭,味咸微苦,稍有吸湿性。
pH:
熔点(℃): 734
沸点(℃): 1380
相对密度(水=1): 2.75(25℃)
相对蒸气密度(空气=1):
饱和蒸气压(kPa): 0.13(795℃)
燃烧热(kJ/mol):
临界温度(℃):
临界压力(MPa):
辛醇/水分配系数的对数值:
闪点(℃): 无意义
引燃温度(℃): 引燃温度(℃):无意义
爆炸上限%(V/V): 无意义
爆炸下限%(V/V): 无意义
分子式: KBr。
分子量: 119.01
蒸发速率:
粘性:
溶解性: 溶于水,溶于甘油,微溶于乙醇、乙醚。
主要用途: 用于制溴化银纸,也用作分析试剂,医药上用作精神镇静剂。
第十部分:稳定性和反应活性
稳定性: 在常温常压下 稳定
禁配物: 强氧化剂、强酸、金属盐类。
避免接触的条件:
聚合危害: 不能出现
分解产物: 溴化氢、氧化钾。
第十一部分:毒理学资料
急性毒性:
急性中毒:
慢性中毒:
亚急性和慢性毒性:
刺激性:
致敏性:
致突变性:
致畸性:
致癌性:
第十二部分:生态学资料
生态毒理毒性:
生物降解性:
非生物降解性:
生物富集或生物积累性:
第十三部分:废弃处置
废弃物性质:
废弃处置方法:
废弃注意事项:
第十四部分:运输信息
危险货物编号:
UN编号:
包装标志:
包装类别:
包装方法:
运输注意事项: 储存于阴凉、通风仓间内。远离火种、热源。包装要求密封,不可与空气接触。防止受潮。应与氧化剂、酸类分开存放。搬运时要轻装轻卸,防止包装及容器损坏。
RETCS号:
IMDG规则页码:
第十五部分:法规信息
国内化学品安全管理法规:
国际化学品安全管理法规:
第十六部分:其他信息
参考文献: 1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
填表时间: 年月日
填表部门:
数据审核单位:
修改说明:
其他信息: 4
MSDS修改日期: 年月日

制备方法与用途

光谱纯

用于红外检测(IR)及红外样品的压片制样。

溶解度 (g/100ml)
  • 0℃: 53.6g
  • 10℃: 59.5g
  • 20℃: 65.3g
  • 30℃: 70.7g
  • 40℃: 75.4g
  • 60℃: 85.5g
  • 80℃: 94.9g
  • 90℃: 99.2g
  • 100℃: 104g
制备方法

采用铁溴法制备,首先让溴与铁屑反应生成Fe3Br8·16H2O,再与沸热的碳酸钾溶液作用:
[ \text{Fe}_3\text{Br}_8 \cdot 16\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{K}_2\text{CO}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{沸热}} 8\text{KBr} + \text{Fe}_3\text{O}_4 + 4\text{CO}_2 + 16\text{H}_2\text{O} ]
过滤掉Fe3O4,经浓缩即可得到溴化钾。

毒性

避免摄入或吸入。避免眼睛、皮肤接触。如误食,会引起头晕和恶心,需立即就医;如吸入,则会导致呕吐,应立即将患者移至新鲜空气处并尽快求医;如不慎溅入眼中,要用大量清水冲洗20分钟;若皮肤接触到溴化钾,也应用大量水清洗。

化学性质

无色立方晶体,无臭味微咸而略苦。溶于水(100℃时溶解度为102g/100ml)和甘油,微溶于乙醇和乙醚。

用途
  • 用作分析试剂和显影剂
  • 制药工业中使用
  • 用于电影胶片、照相胶卷的乳剂或配制显影剂
  • 在医疗上作为镇静剂
  • 感光材料工业:制造感光胶片、显影药、底片加厚剂、调色剂和彩色照片漂白剂等,医药上用作神经镇静剂(三溴片)
  • 化学分析试剂,分光和红外线传递,制特种肥皂,雕刻及石印等方面
  • 用于制造感光胶片显影药,底片加厚剂
  • 还用作神经镇静剂
  • 制造特种肥皂,雕刻及石印等
红外检测压片用 分析用途
  • 点滴分析测定铜及银
  • 极谱分析铟、镉和砷
  • 用于显影剂的制备
  • 农药分析
  • 99.95% 和 99.99% 级别用于分子生物学中去除外围膜蛋白
  • FT-IR级用于FT-IR光谱仪
生产方法

采用尿素还原法,将溶有尿素的苛性钾溶液送入反应器,在80℃缓慢加入溴素进行反应,至pH值为6-7时完成反应。然后将反应液加入贮槽中用活性炭脱色,并待溶液澄清后再过滤、蒸发、结晶、离心分离和干燥以制得成品。化学方程式如下:
[ 3\text{Br}_2 + 6\text{KOH} + \text{CO}(NH_2)_2 \rightarrow 6\text{KBr} + 5\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2↑ + \text{N}_2↑ ]

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    8-chloro-1,2-dimethyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-11-ium;tetrafluoroborate 、 溴化钾 生成 8-Chloro-1,2-dimethyl-6-phenyl-4H-3,5,10b-triaza-2-azonia-benzo[e]azulene; bromide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    HESTER J. B. JR.; CHIDESTER C. G.; SZMUSZKOVICZ J., J. ORG. CHEM., 1979, 44, NO 15, 2688-2693
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    DE639854
    摘要:
    公开号:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    、 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitrobenzo(f)quinoxaline 在 ice 、 碳酸氢钠dimethylformamide hydrate乙醇乙醚溴化钾 作用下, 以 盐酸 为溶剂, 反应 2.0h, 以to give 0.90 g (63%) of pure title compound, m.p. >300° C., IR (KBr)的产率得到6-amino-2,3-dihydroxybenzo(f)quinoxaline
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Pyridoquinoxaline compounds and their preparation and use as glutamate
    摘要:
    具有以下式子的杂环二羟基喹喔啉化合物 ##STR1## 其中--A--与标记为1和2的两个碳原子一起从以下选择 ##STR2## R.sup.1,R.sup.2和R.sup.3独立地为H,卤素,CN,NH.sub.2,NO.sub.2,SO.sub.3 H,SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2或CONH.sub.2。本发明还涉及制备该化合物的方法,其制药组合物以及它们的用途。该化合物在治疗由兴奋性神经递质的过度活跃引起的症状方面是有用的。
    公开号:
    US04912108A1
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • NOVEL PROCESS TO PREPARE PIOGLITAZONE VIA SEVERAL NOVEL INTERMEDIATES
    申请人:Pandey Bipin
    公开号:US20140088127A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-03-27
    A novel process for preparing thiazolidinediones, preferably Pioglitazone, as described. Also described are novel intermediates involved in its synthesis and process for their preparation and use in medicine.
    一种制备噻唑烷二酮类药物的新工艺被描述,其中首选匹格列酮。同时还描述了参与其合成的新中间体,以及其制备和在医学上的应用的工艺。
  • Process for the preparation of vinyl-pyrrolidinone cephalosporin derivatives
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20020019381A1
    公开(公告)日:2002-02-14
    A process is provided for the preparation of vinyl-pyrrolidinone cephalosporine derivatives. Intermediates of the process are also provided.
    提供了一种制备乙烯基吡咯烷酮头孢菌素衍生物的过程。该过程的中间体也已提供。
  • TRICYCLIC NITROGEN CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
    申请人:Davies David Evan
    公开号:US20100137282A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-06-03
    Tricyclic nitrogen containing compounds and their use as antibacterials. Z 1 and Z 2 are independently selected from CH and N.
    三环氮含化合物及其作为抗菌剂的用途。Z1和Z2分别选择自CH和N。
  • PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR MAKING A JAK INHIBITOR
    申请人:Incyte Corporation
    公开号:US20150183805A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-07-02
    This invention relates to processes and intermediates for making 1-1-[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinoyl]piperidin-4-yl}-3-[4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]azetidin-3-yl}acetonitrile, useful in the treatment of diseases related to the activity of Janus kinases (JAK) including inflammatory disorders, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and other diseases.
    本发明涉及制备1-1-[3-氟-2-(三氟甲基)异烟酰基]哌啶-4-基}-3-[4-(7H-吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]氮杂环戊烷-3-基}乙腈的过程和中间体,该物质可用于治疗与Janus激酶(JAK)活性相关的疾病,包括炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、癌症和其他疾病。
  • Library of biphenyl derivatives
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20040209915A1
    公开(公告)日:2004-10-21
    This invention provides a library of biphenyl derivatives of formula I: 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , W, a, b and c are as defined in the specification, or a salt or stereoisomer thereof. The library is useful for identifying compounds having both &bgr; 2 adrenergic receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist activity. Accordingly, this invention also provides methods of evaluating or screening a library of biphenyl derivatives to identifying compounds having such bifunctional activity.
    本发明提供了一种公式I的联苯衍生物库:1其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、W、a、b和c如规范中所定义,或其盐或立体异构体。该库对于鉴定具有β2肾上腺素能受体激动剂和肌动蛋白受体拮抗剂活性的化合物非常有用。因此,本发明还提供了评估或筛选联苯衍生物库以鉴定具有这种双重功能活性的化合物的方法。
查看更多