Electron Transfer Reduction of Nitriles Using SmI2–Et3N–H2O: Synthetic Utility and Mechanism
摘要:
The first general reduction of nitriles to primary amines under single electron transfer conditions is demonstrated using SmI2 (Kagan's reagent) activated with Lewis bases. The reaction features excellent functional group tolerance and represents an attractive alternative to the use of pyrophoric alkali metal hydrides. Notably, the electron transfer from Sm(II) to CN functional groups generates imidoyl-type radicals from bench stable nitrile precursors.
Highly Practical Synthesis of Nitriles and Heterocycles from Alcohols under Mild Conditions by Aerobic Double Dehydrogenative Catalysis
摘要:
A mild, aerobic, catalytic process for obtaining nitriles directly from alcohols and aqueous ammonia is described. The reaction proceeds via a dehydrogenation cascade mediated by catalytic CuI, bpy, and TEMPO in the presence of O-2. The substrate scope is broad including various functionalized aromatic and aliphatic alcohols. This protocol enabled the one-pot synthesis of various biaryl heterocycles directly from commercially available alcohols.
Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and biological application of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes bearing hemilabile (κ2-<i>C</i>,<i>S</i>)-thioether-functionalised NHC ligands
作者:Weiguang Chen、Julien Egly、Amalia I. Poblador-Bahamonde、Aline Maisse-Francois、Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz、Thierry Achard
DOI:10.1039/c9dt04825a
日期:——
suggesting that the only species observed by the 1H-NMR correspond to an average resonance position of a fluxional mixtures of isomers. All these complexes were found to catalyse the oxydant-free double dehydrogenation of primary amine into nitrile. Ru complexbearing NHC-functionalised S-tBu group was further investigated in a wide range of amines and was found more selective for alkyl amine substrates than
Catalytic Hydrogen Production by Ruthenium Complexes from the Conversion of Primary Amines to Nitriles: Potential Application as a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier
作者:David Ventura-Espinosa、Aida Marzá-Beltrán、Jose A. Mata
DOI:10.1002/chem.201603423
日期:2016.12.5
The potential application of the primary amine/nitrile pair as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) has been evaluated. Ruthenium complexes of formula [(p‐cym)Ru(NHC)Cl2] (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) catalyze the acceptorless dehydrogenation of primary amines to nitriles with the formation of molecular hydrogen. Notably, the reaction proceeds without any external additive, under air, and under
HCl·DMPU-assisted one-pot and metal-free conversion of aldehydes to nitriles
作者:Sagar R. Mudshinge、Chinmay S. Potnis、Bo Xu、Gerald B. Hammond
DOI:10.1039/d0gc00757a
日期:——
HCl·DMPU assisted one-pot conversion of aldehydes into nitriles. The use of HCl·DMPU as both an acidic source as well as a non-nucleophilic base constitutes an environmentally mild alternative for the preparation of nitriles. Our protocol proceeds smoothly without the use of toxic reagents and metal catalysts. Diverse functionalized aromatic, aliphatic and allylic aldehydes incorporating various functional
Atom-Economical and Tandem Conversion of Nitriles to <i>N</i>-Methylated Amides Using Methanol and Water
作者:Bhaskar Paul、Milan Maji、Sabuj Kundu
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.9b03916
日期:2019.11.1
A cobalt complex catalyzed tandem conversion of nitrile to N-methylated amide is described using a methanol and water mixture. Using this protocol, several nitriles were directly and efficiently converted to the desired N-methylated amides. Kinetic experiments using H2O18 and CD3OD suggested that water and methanol were the source of the oxygen atom and methyl group, respectively, in the final N-methylated
描述了使用甲醇和水的混合物的钴络合物催化的腈串联转化为N-甲基化酰胺。使用该方案,将几个腈直接有效地转化为所需的N-甲基化酰胺。使用H 2 O 18和CD 3 OD进行的动力学实验表明,水和甲醇分别是最终N中氧原子和甲基的来源。-甲基化酰胺。重要的是,控制实验实现了活性Co(I)–H物种参与该转化的过程。动力学同位素效应(KIE)研究表明,甲醇C–H键的活化是动力学上重要的一步。哈米特图证实了电子不足的腈的反应更快。此外,计算研究支持了从腈形成N-甲基化酰胺的可能途径。
A Chemoselective, One-Pot Transformation of Aldehydes to Nitriles
作者:Sébastien Laulhé、Sadakatali S. Gori、Michael H. Nantz
DOI:10.1021/jo301133y
日期:2012.10.19
This paper describes a procedure for direct conversion of aldehydes to nitriles using O-(diphenylphosphinyl)hydroxylamine (DPPH). Aldehydes are smoothly transformed to their corresponding nitriles by heating with DPPH in toluene. The reaction can be accomplished in the presence of alcohol, ketone, ester, or amine functionality.