6-Methyluracil Derivatives as Bifunctional Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
作者:Vyacheslav E. Semenov、Irina V. Zueva、Marat A. Mukhamedyarov、Sofya V. Lushchekina、Alexandra D. Kharlamova、Elena O. Petukhova、Anatoly S. Mikhailov、Sergey N. Podyachev、Lilya F. Saifina、Konstantin A. Petrov、Oksana A. Minnekhanova、Vladimir V. Zobov、Evgeny E. Nikolsky、Patrick Masson、Vladimir S. Reznik
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201500334
日期:2015.11
6‐methyluracil derivatives are able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB), inhibiting brain‐tissue AChE. The most potent AChE inhibitor, 3 d (1,3‐bis[5‐(o‐nitrobenzylethylamino)pentyl]‐6‐methyluracil), was found to improve working memory in scopolamine and transgenic APP/PS1 murine models of Alzheimer's disease, and to significantly decrease the number and area of β‐amyloid peptide plaques in the brain
设计并合成了在嘧啶环的氮原子上具有ω-(取代的苄基乙基氨基)烷基链的新型6-甲基尿嘧啶衍生物。烷基链中亚甲基的数目与苄环上的吸电子取代基一起变化。这些化合物是胆碱酯酶的混合型可逆抑制剂,其中一些对人乙酰胆碱酯酶(hAChE)表现出显着的选择性,其抑制力在纳摩尔范围内,比人丁酰胆碱酯酶(hBuChE)高出1万倍以上。分子模型研究表明,这些化合物是双功能AChE抑制剂,跨越酶的活性位点峡谷并与其外围阴离子位点(PAS)结合。体内实验表明,6-甲基尿嘧啶衍生物能够穿透血脑屏障(BBB),从而抑制脑组织AChE。最有效的AChE抑制剂,3 d(1,3-双[5-(邻硝基苄基乙基氨基)戊基] -6-甲基尿嘧啶)被发现可以改善东pol碱和阿尔茨海默氏病转基因APP / PS1鼠模型的工作记忆,并显着减少数量和脑中β淀粉样蛋白斑块的面积。