The invention provides a novel chemical series of formula I, as well as methods of use thereof for binding to the benzodiazepine site of the GABA
A
receptor and negatively modulating the α5 subtype of GABA
A
, and use of the compound of formula I for the treatment of GABA
A
receptor associated disorders. The general structure of formula I is shown below:
The invention further provides a method of modulation of one or more GABA
A
subtypes in an animal comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).
Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I′), methods of using the compounds as immunomodulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful in treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases or disorders such as cancer or infections.