A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.
一种制备酰胺的方法,包括在Ruthenium配合物的存在下,通过反应一种一级胺和一种一级醇生成酰胺和分子氢。直接用等摩尔量的醇对一级胺进行酰化反应,可以高产率、高周转数地生成酰胺和分子氢(唯一的副产物)。此外,还揭示了将酰胺氢化为醇和胺的方法;将有机
碳酸酯氢化为醇的方法;将
氨基甲酸酯或
尿素衍
生物氢化为醇和胺的方法;酯的酰胺化反应;使用酯对醇进行酰化反应;将醇与
水和碱偶联形成
羧酸;将β-
氨基醇脱氢生成
吡嗪和环肽;以及将二级醇脱氢生成酮的方法。这些反应由基于A1式或A2式或A3式的去芳香的
PNN型
配体的Ruthenium配合物催化。