1,2-二氟乙烷 | 624-72-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 有机氟化物
• 中文名称: 1,2-二氟乙烷
• 英文名称: 1,2-difluoroethane
• 英文别名: 1,2-Difluorethan；1,2-Difluor-aethan
• CAS: 624-72-6
• 化学式: C₂H₄F₂
• mdl: MFCD00039286
• 分子量: 66.0506
• InChiKey: AHFMSNDOYCFEPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  30.7 °C
• 密度：
  1.024 g/cm3(Temp: 10 °C)
• 颜色/状态：
  Volatile liquid
• 溶解度：
  In water, 2.31X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
• 蒸汽压力：
  616 mm Hg at 25 °C /from experimentally-derived coefficients/
• 大气OH速率常数：
  1.12e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluorine/.
• 折光率：
  Liquid refractive index = 1.28 at 25 °C
• 保留指数：
  368

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.9
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

毒理性

• 副作用

神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合征

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 毒性数据

大鼠LC50 = 240,000毫克/立方米/4小时

LC50 (rat) = 240,000 mg/m3/4h

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 相互作用

如果发生吸入，不应给予肾上腺素或其他拟交感神经胺和肾上腺素能激活剂，因为它们会进一步使心脏对心律失常的发展更加敏感。/氟碳化合物/

If inhalation occurs, epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines and adrenergic activators should not be admin since they will further sensitize heart to development of arrhythmias. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

如果怀疑有溶剂滥用的情况，可以通过血液或尿液的生化检查来确认诊断。紧急治疗是支持性的，包括去污染、吸氧以及在特定情况下需要的任何特殊治疗，比如抗心律失常药或抗惊厥药。少数患者可能需要间歇性正压通气、透析或治疗肝衰竭。/溶剂滥用/

If the diagnosis of solvent abuse is suspected it can be confirmed by biochemical examination of the blood or urine. Emergency treatment is supportive and includes decontamination, oxygen, and any specific therapy required in a particular case such as antiarrhythmics or anticonvulsants. A few patients may require intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, dialysis, or treatment for hepatic failure. /Solvent abuse/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

在氟碳化合物中毒的人员中，可以采取措施以减少心律失常的风险。在医院评估之前，应建议患者避免剧烈运动。在医院中，患者可以被安置在一个安静、无威胁的环境中，并在必要时进行镇静。如果出现低氧血症，应给予吸氧并纠正代谢异常。应避免使用拟交感神经药物。室性心律失常最好用β受体阻滞剂治疗。/氟碳化合物/

... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

影响氟碳化合物命运的主要因素是体脂肪，它们在那里集中并缓慢释放到血液中，浓度不应导致任何心脏敏感化的风险。/氟碳化合物/

... Main factor affecting fate of fluorocarbons is body fat, where they are concentrated and slowly released into blood at concn that should not cause any risk of cardiac sensitization. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物在脑、肝和肺中的积累量显著高于血液水平，表明氟碳化合物在组织中的分布类似于氯仿。/氟碳化合物/

There is a significant accumulation of fluorocarbons in brain, liver, and lung compared to blood levels, signifying a tissue distribution of fluorocarbons similar to that of chloroform. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物经口服摄入后的吸收率远低于吸入（35-48倍）...在尸检中，肺部通常具有最高的氟碳化合物浓度。/氟碳化合物/

Abosrption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

尽管氟碳化合物会在某些动物物种中引起心脏敏感性，但是它们的快速消除可以防止气溶胶支气管扩张剂使用时产生心脏毒性浓度的积累，除非剂量极高（在2分钟内使用12到24剂）。

Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氟碳化合物是脂溶性的，因此通常能很好地通过肺部吸收。经口摄入后的吸收率比吸入后的吸收率低35到48倍...氟碳通过肺部排出。/氟碳化合物/

Fluorocarbon compounds are lipid-soluble and thus are generally well absorbed through lung. Absorption after ingestion is 35 to 48 times lower than after inhalation ... Fluorocarbons are eliminated by way of lung. /Fluorocarbon compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  F,T
• 安全说明：
  S16,S3/7,S33,S9
• 危险类别码：
  R12
• 海关编码：
  2903399090
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3161

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1,2-二氟乙烷 生成 氟化乙烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  氟甲基自由基的反应

  摘要：

  1,3-二氟丙酮本身在二乙基酮或二异丙基酮存在下被光解，并测量以下氟甲基自由基反应的速率：（i）CH 2 F + CH 2 FCOCH 2 F，log 10（k / cm 3 mol –1 s –1）= 11.10–40000 // 2.303 ř Ť，（ii）CH 2 F + C 2 H 5 COC 2 H 5，log 10（k / cm 3 mol –1 s –1）= 10.71–34050 // 2.303 ř Ť，（iii）CH 2 F + iC 3 H 7 CO-iC 3 H 7，log 10（k / cm 3 mol –1 s –1）= 11.18–31550 // 2.303 ř Ť其中R = 8.314 J mol –1 K –1。

  DOI：

  10.1039/f19817703087
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1,2-二碘乙烷 在 mercury(II) fluoride 作用下， 生成 1,2-二氟乙烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Iodine Excess and Hyperthyroidism

  摘要：

  150 mug iodine are daily required for thyroid hormone synthesis. The thyroid gland has intrinsic mechanisms that maintain normal thyroid function even in the presence of iodine excess. Large quantities of iodide are present in drugs, antiseptics, contrast media and food preservatives. Iodine induced hyperthyroidism is frequently observed in patients affected by euthyroid iodine deficient goiter when suddenly exposed to excess iodine. Possibly the presence of autonomous thyroid function permits the synthesis and release of excess quantities of thyroid hormones. The presence of thyroid autoimmunity in patients residing in iodine-insufficient areas who develop iodine-induced hyperthyroidism has not been unanimously observed. In iodine-sufficient areas, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism has been reported in euthyroid patients with previous thyroid diseases. Euthyroid patients previously treated with antithyroid drugs for Graves' disease are prone to develop iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. As well, excess iodine in hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients may reduce the effectiveness of the antithyroid drugs. Occasionally iodine-induced hyperthyroidism has been observed in euthyroid patients with a previous episode of post-partum thyroiditis, amiodarone destructive or type II thyrotoxicosis and recombinant interferon-cu induced destructive thyrotoxicosis. Amiodarone administration may induce thyrotoxicosis. Two mechanisms are responsible for this condition. One is related to excess iodine released from the drug, approximately 9 mg of iodine following a daily dose of 300 mg amiodarone. This condition is an iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis or type I amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. The other mechanism is due to the amiodarone molecule that induces a destruction of the thyroid follicles with a release of preformed hormones. This condition is called amiodarone-induced destructive thyrotoxicosis or type II thyrotoxicosis. Patients developing type I thyrotoxicosis in general have preexisting nodular goiter whereas those developing type II thyrotoxicosis have a normal thyroid gland. The latter group of patients, after recovering from the destructive process, may develop permanent hypothyroidism as the consequence of fibrosis of the gland.

  DOI：

  10.1089/105072501300176453
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  三甲基硅烷 、 trityl closo-dodecachlorododecaborate 以 1,2-二氟乙烷 为溶剂， 反应 1.5h， 以78%的产率得到(Me3Si)2B12Cl12
  参考文献：
  名称：

  弱配位双阴离子[B 12 Cl 12 ] 2−的硅化合物的合成，表征和晶体结构

  摘要：

  [Ph 3 C] 2 [B 12 Cl 12 ]与R 3 SiH（R = Me，Et，i Pr）在1,2-二氟苯中的反应生成相应的甲硅烷基化合物（R 3 Si）2 B 12 Cl 12含有弱配位的二价阴离子[B 12 Cl 12 ] 2-。通过IR和拉曼光谱以及在溶液和固态下的多核（1 H，11 B，13 C，29 Si）NMR光谱对产品进行完全表征（魔术角旋转）。（Et 3通过X射线衍射对Si）2 B 12 Cl 12和（i Pr 3 Si）2 B 12 Cl 12进行表征。在固态下，硅烷基阳离子通过硅-氯接触与[B 12 Cl 12 ] 2-阴离子配位，该接触明显短于范德华半径之和。发现了两种不同的协调模式。[Et 3 Si] +阳离子在1和12位与[B 12 Cl 12 ] 2-的氯原子配位，而[ iPr 3 Si] +阳离子配位在1和7位的氯原子上。计算[对于（Me 3 Si）2 B

  DOI：

  10.1021/ic100337k

文献信息

• 东莨菪内酯衍生物及其制备方法和应用
  申请人：广州康臣药物研究有限公司

  公开号：CN103965150B

  公开（公告）日：2016-06-15

  本发明公开了一种东莨菪内酯衍生物及其制备方法和应用。所述东莨菪内酯衍生物的通式为(I)，其中，R选自C1-C4烷基，X选自卤素取代基。上述东莨菪内酯衍生物具有显著抗凝作用，可明显延长体外凝血时间，且口服后能快速入血，并起到抗凝作用；对治疗静脉血栓性疾病的起效时间、治疗效果与华法林相当，且使用剂量更小，易于控制；具有防治静脉血栓性疾病的新医药用途，同时也为静脉血栓性疾病患者提供了新的治疗候选药物。本发明还公开了东莨菪内酯衍生物的制备方法以及其在制备抗凝血药物上的应用。
• Synthesis of 3(2-haloethyl)aryltriazenes and study of their reactions in aqueous solution
  作者：J. William Lown、Ranjit Singh

  DOI：10.1139/v81-198

  日期：1981.5.1

  rates of decomposition in aqueous media at pH7 were determined polarographically employing the electrochemically active triazene moiety. In two selected cases the rates of decomposition increase markedly with lowered pH in the range 9.3 to 4.65. The products of aqueous decomposition, both volatile and involatile, were identified and quantitated by gc and gc–ms. Discrimination between alternative decomposition

  已经合成了几种 1-芳基-3-(2-卤乙基) 三氮烯，并通过光谱和 3,5-二硝基苯甲酸的酯化对其进行了表征。它们在 pH7 的水性介质中的分解速率通过使用电化学活性三氮烯部分的极谱法测定。在两个选定的情况下，分解速率随着 pH 值在 9.3 到 4.65 范围内的降低而显着增加。水分解产物，包括挥发性和非挥发性的，通过 gc 和 gc-ms 进行鉴定和定量。通过制备和使用选择性氘化三氮烯，可以区分不同的分解途径。该数据与三氮烯的初始质子化和由此产生的 2-卤乙基阳离子（或其动力学等价物）一致，该阳离子经受通过氘加扰检测的重排。第二种竞争途径涉及将三氮烯环化为 1-芳基-1,2,3-三唑啉中间体，然后进行亲核反应...
• vic-Difluorination of Fluoroalkenes with Xenon Difluoride: The Effect of Fluorine Substituents on the Reaction of Alkenes with Xenon Difluoride
  作者：Masanori Tamura、Heng-dao Quan、Akira Sekiya

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199911)1999:11<3151::aid-ejoc3151>3.0.co;2-f

  日期：1999.11

  Vic-Difluorination proceeds by the reaction of fluoroalkenes with xenon difluoride to afford the corresponding fluorinated compounds. From the reaction with polyfluoroalkenes, the products are obtained in high to excellent yields. In this reaction, the fluorine atom substituent of alkene stabilizes the cation intermediate and suppresses side-reactions such as rearrangement.

  通过氟代烯烃与二氟化氙的反应进行维克二氟化，得到相应的氟化化合物。从与多氟烯烃的反应中，以高至优异的产率获得了产物。在该反应中，烯烃的氟原子取代基使阳离子中间体稳定并抑制副反应如重排。
• Alkylation of 9-substituted guanine derivatives with α,ω-dihaloalkanes
  作者：Grzegorz Framski、Tomasz Goslinski、Piotr Januszczyk、Bozenna Golankiewicz、Tomasz Ostrowski

  DOI：10.1002/hc.21399

  日期：2017.9

  of 9-substituted guanine derivatives with NaH/1,2-dibromoethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, or 1,4-dibromobutane at room temperature resulted in the isolation of tricyclic 1,N2-(1,2-ethano)guanine, 1,N2-(1,3-propano)guanine, or 1,N2-(1,4-butano)guanine products, respectively. O6-Haloalkyl and N1-haloalkyl products were obtained following the use of NaH/1,4-dibromobutane, higher α,ω-dibromoalkanes, or α-b

  9-取代鸟嘌呤衍生物与 NaH/1,2-二溴乙烷、1,3-二溴丙烷或 1,4-二溴丁烷在室温下的反应导致三环 1,N2-(1,2-乙醇)鸟嘌呤的分离，分别为 1,N2-(1,3-丙烷)鸟嘌呤或 1,N2-(1,4-丁烷)鸟嘌呤产品。使用 NaH/1,4-二溴丁烷、高级 α,ω-二溴烷烃或 α-溴-ω-氟烷烃后，得到 O6-卤代烷基和 N1-卤代烷基产物。提高反应温度为 O6-鸟嘌呤-亚烷基-O6-鸟嘌呤和 N1-鸟嘌呤-亚烷基-O6-鸟嘌呤对称和不对称二聚体的合成开辟了道路。保护底物胺基以形成 N,N-二烷基甲脒提供了获得 N1-鸟嘌呤-亚烷基-N1-鸟嘌呤二聚体的途径。
• Formation of β-Fluoroethyl Radical and Closed-Shell Products in Reactions of Photogenerated Fluorine Atoms with Ethene in Solid Argon
  作者：Eugenii Ya. Misochko、Alexander V. Benderskii、Charles A. Wight

  DOI：10.1021/jp953155f

  日期：1996.1.1

  Solid-state reactions of F atoms with ethene molecules were initiated by UV photolysis of dilute solutions of F2 and C2H4 in solid Ar. Products stabilized in the matrix were detected by infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were conducted at different temperatures in order to distinguish reactions in matrix-isolated F2-C2H4 complexes (at 16 K) from reactions of diffusing thermal F atoms (at 26 K). Comparison

  F原子与乙烯分子的固相反应是通过将F 2和C 2 H 4的稀溶液在固体Ar中进行紫外线光解而引发的。通过红外光谱检测稳定在基质中的产物。为了在基质分离的F 2 -C 2 H 4络合物中（16 K）与扩散热F原子（26 K）的反应区分开来，在不同温度下进行了实验。与动力学EPR数据比较（Benderskii，VA等人 门捷列夫 COMMUN。 1995，6，245）允许鉴定β-氟乙基的红外光谱，β-氟乙基是F + C 2 H 4反应的主要产物。频率和β-C的八个最强红外波段的绝对吸收强度2 ħ 4报告F。分离出的F 2 -C 2 H 4络合物的光解形成了闭壳产物C 2 H 3 F-HF以及反式和gauche -1,2-C 2 H 4 F 2，相对产率为0.6：0.2：0.2。将两个热F原子连续添加到一个孤立的C 2中H 4分子仅形成1,2-C 2 H 4 F 2的两个构象体。F 2 -C 2

表征谱图