PROGRAMMED DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS DERIVED FROM BIOMASS
申请人:Sivaguru Jayaraman
公开号:US20160108172A1
公开(公告)日:2016-04-21
Novel photodegradable polymers derived from biomass are provided, together with methods of making and methods of using said polymers.
提供了从生物质中衍生的新型光降解聚合物,以及制备和使用该聚合物的方法。
Preparation of nitroaralkyl cyanides and derivatives thereof
申请人:ETHYL CORPORATION
公开号:EP0078709A2
公开(公告)日:1983-05-11
Nitroarylalkyl cyanides may be prepared in a convenient manner by reacting a nitroaromatic compound with an alpha, alpha-disubstituted alkyl cyanide, e.g. an alpha, alpha-disubstituted acetonitrile, in a substantially anhydrous aprotic solvent and in the presence of a base so that the nitrile undergoes a nucleophilic substitution on an unsubstituted ring carbon of the nitroaromatic compound during which an alpha-subsituent functions as a leaving group. The nitroaralkyl cyanides formed by the process can be readily converted into derivatives, such as pharmaceuticals.
Cobalt Schiff base complexes [Co(SB)] catalyze the oxidation of anilines (1) with tert-butyl hydroperoxide to give nitrobenzenes 2 and 4-(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-imine derivatives 3 in yield distributions depending on the substitution mode of the substrate. 4-Alkyl- and 4-aryl-2,6-di-tert-butylanilines gave mixtures of 2 and 3, where the higher the bulkiness of the 4-substituent, the higher the yield of 2. With 2,4,6-trimethylaniline, the ratio of oxidations of the nitrogen and C-4 atoms was almost the same; but a hydrolyzed product 5 of the imine was obtained. 2,4,6-Triphenylaniline gave only 2. Nitrobenzene derivatives were also obtained from 2,6-dialkylanilines and 4-substituted anilines. The catalytic activity of Co(SB) depended on the nature of the SB ligand: the formal potential E degrees and steric factors seem to affect the reaction rate. Kinetic studies showed that the key step may involve hydrogen abstraction from the aniline, presumably by t-BuO(.) generated from homolytic decomposition of initially formed Co-III(SB)(OO-t-Bu). A precursor of 2 was found to be the nitrosobenzene derivative.
Bullen, John V.; Ridd, John H.; Sabek, Omaima, Gazzetta Chimica Italiana, 1990, vol. 120, # 5, p. 291 - 296
作者:Bullen, John V.、Ridd, John H.、Sabek, Omaima
DOI:——
日期:——
SHEN, YU-SHENG;LIU, HONG-XIA;CHEN, YI-QIU, J. ORG. CHEM., 55,(1990) N2, C. 3961-3962