来克伦 | 29177-84-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 来克伦
• 中文别名: 氯氟卓乙酯；氯氟乙酯
• 英文名称: 7-chloro-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine
• 英文别名: CM 6912；7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic-acid-ethyl-ester；ethyl loflazepate；Victan；7-chloro-5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester；ethyl 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate
• CAS: 29177-84-2
• 化学式: C₁₈H₁₄ClFN₂O₃
• 分子量: 360.772
• InChiKey: CUCHJCMWNFEYOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 稳定性/保质期：
  如果按照规格使用和储存，则不会分解，也未有已知危险反应。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.9
• 重原子数：
  25
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.166
• 拓扑面积：
  67.8
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  5

ADMET

代谢

乙基洛氟沙帕酯还会产生一种活性代谢物，这种代谢物的活性比原化合物要强。乙基洛氟沙帕酯被设计为descarboxyloflazepate的前药，其活性代谢物。大多数药理效应是由活性代谢物而不是乙基洛氟沙帕酯负责的。乙基洛氟沙帕酯的主要代谢物是descarbethoxyloflazepate、loflazepate和3-hydroxydescarbethoxyloflazepate。[10]乙基洛氟沙帕酯的活性代谢物积累不受肾功能衰竭或损害的影响。

Ethyl loflazepate also produces an active metabolite which is stronger than the parent compound. Ethyl loflazepate was designed to be a prodrug for descarboxyloflazepate, its active metabolite. It is the active metabolite which is responsible for most of the pharmacological effects rather than ethyl loflazepate. The main metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are descarbethoxyloflazepate, loflazepate and 3-hydroxydescarbethoxyloflazepate.[10] Accumulation of the active metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are not affected by those with renal failure or impairment. (Wikipedia)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

苯二氮卓类药物非特异性地与苯二氮卓受体BNZ1结合，介导睡眠，以及与BNZ2结合，影响肌肉松弛、抗惊厥活性、运动协调和记忆。由于认为苯二氮卓受体与γ-氨基丁酸-A (GABAA) 受体相耦合，这通过增加GABA对GABA受体的亲和力来增强GABA的效果。抑制性神经递质GABA结合到该位点时，打开氯离子通道，导致细胞膜超极化，阻止细胞的进一步兴奋。

Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响

◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结：乙基洛伐塞帕在美国尚未获得美国食品药品监督管理局的市场批准。现有数据表明，通过乳汁传递给婴儿的剂量可能相当高。在哺乳新生儿或早产儿时，建议选择有更多公开数据且乳汁中浓度较低的替代药物。如果使用乙基洛伐塞帕，需监测婴儿是否出现镇静、进食不良和体重增长不良的情况。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响：截至修订日期，未找到相关的已发布信息。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响：截至修订日期，未找到相关的已发布信息。

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Ethyl loflazepate is not approved for marketing in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available data indicate that the infant dose from milk might be rather high. An alternate drug with more published data and lower milk levels is preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. If ethyl loflazepate is used, monitor the infant for sedation, poor feeding and poor weight gain. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

毒理性

• 症状

乙基洛伐塞特的过量症状包括嗜睡、烦躁不安和共济失调。在严重情况下，还可能出现低张力。这些症状在儿童中发生的频率和严重程度要高得多。[12]曾有三名老年患者在服用乙基洛伐塞特进行2到3周的治疗维持剂量后死亡。死因为由于苯二氮䓬类药物中毒导致的窒息。

The symptoms of an overdose of ethyl loflazepate include sleepiness, agitation and ataxia. Hypotonia may also occur in severe cases. These symptoms occur much more frequently and severely in children.[12] Death from therapeutic maintenance doses of ethyl loflazepate taken for 2 – 3 weeks has been reported in 3 elderly patients. The cause of death was asphyxia due to benzodiazepine toxicity. (Wikipedia)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露处理

一般支持性措施应予以实施，同时静脉输液，并保持气道通畅。低血压可以通过使用去甲肾上腺素或美拉明来对抗。透析的价值有限。氟马西尼（安易醒）是一种竞争性的苯二氮卓受体拮抗剂，可以用作苯二氮卓过量的解毒剂。特别是，氟马西尼在逆转与苯二氮卓相关的中枢神经系统抑制方面非常有效，但在逆转呼吸抑制方面效果较差。然而，其使用存在争议，因为它有许多禁忌症。长期使用苯二氮卓的患者、摄入降低癫痫发作阈值的物质的患者、或有心动过速或癫痫病史的患者禁忌使用。通常情况下，医疗观察和支持性护理是治疗苯二氮卓过量的主要方法。尽管苯二氮卓可以通过活性炭吸收，但在纯苯二氮卓过量时，使用活性炭进行胃部净化并不有益，因为不良反应的风险通常超过了该程序可能带来的任何潜在益处。只有在苯二氮卓与其他可能从净化中受益的药物联合使用时，才建议使用。胃灌洗（胃抽吸）或全肠灌洗也不建议使用。

General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  来克伦 生成 2-氨基-5-氯-2'-氟二苯甲酮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  WESTON, S. I.;JAPP, M.;PARTRIDGE, J.;OSSELTON, M. D., J. CHROMATOGR., 538,(1991) N, C. 277-284

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Ethyl 2-amino-3-[4-chloro-2-(2-fluorobenzoyl)anilino]-3-oxopropanoate 生成 来克伦
  参考文献：
  名称：

  DEMARNE, H.;HALLOT, A.

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Nitric Oxide Releasing Prodrugs of Therapeutic Agents
  申请人：SATYAM Apparao

  公开号：US20110263526A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-10-27

  The present invention relates to nitric oxide releasing prodrugs of known drugs or therapeutic agents which are represented herein as compounds of formula (I) wherein the drugs or therapeutic agents contain one or more functional groups independently selected from a carboxylic acid, an amino, a hydroxyl and a sulfhydryl group. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of the nitric oxide releasing prodrugs (the compounds of formula (I)), to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to methods of using the prodrugs.

  本发明涉及已知药物或治疗剂的一氧化氮释放前药，其在此处表示为式(I)的化合物，其中药物或治疗剂包含一个或多个功能基团，独立地选自羧酸、氨基、羟基和巯基。该发明还涉及制备一氧化氮释放前药（式(I)的化合物）的方法，含有它们的药物组合物以及使用这些前药的方法。
• [EN] BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MCH RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE BENZIMIDAZOLE COMME ANTAGONISTES DU RÉCEPTEUR MCH
  申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL

  公开号：WO2013105676A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-07-18

  The present invention provides an aromatic ring compound having a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonistic action and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity and the like. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein each symbol as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

  本发明提供了一种具有黑色素浓集激素受体拮抗作用并且用作预防或治疗肥胖等疾病的芳香环化合物。本发明涉及一种由式(I)表示的化合物，其中每个符号如规范中定义的，或其盐。
• [EN] HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉ HÉTÉROCYCLIQUE
  申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL

  公开号：WO2015005489A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-01-15

  Provided is a compound having a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonistic action and is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity and the like. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

  提供的是一种具有黑色素浓缩激素受体拮抗作用的化合物，可用作预防或治疗肥胖等疾病的药物。该化合物由以下式（I）表示：其中每个符号如规范中定义，或其盐。
• [EN] COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING CNS DISORDERS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES DU SYSTÈME NERVEUX CENTRAL
  申请人：SAGE THERAPEUTICS INC

  公开号：WO2020264512A1

  公开（公告）日：2020-12-30

  Provided herein in part is a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula I, and methods of using the compounds, e.g, in the treatment of CNS- related disorders.

  以下部分提供了化合物Formula (I)的结构，或其药用盐，包括含有Formula I化合物的药物组合物，以及使用这些化合物的方法，例如用于治疗与中枢神经系统相关的疾病。
• Diazepinone derivatives
  申请人：BEHNKE Dirk

  公开号：US20140057902A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-02-27

  The invention relates to compound of the formula I or a salt thereof, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification; to its preparation, to its use as medicament and to medicaments comprising it.

  这项发明涉及公式I的化合物或其盐，其中取代基如规范中所定义；涉及其制备，用作药物以及包含它的药物。

表征谱图