AbstractA convenient and efficient method for the borylation of diaryl ethers leading to dibenzoxaborininols and the synthesis of dibenzofuran derivatives has been developed. The borylation involves the sequential three‐step process: lithiation, borylation and hydrolysis. The synthesized dibenzoxaborininols could be readily transformed into dibenzofuran derivatives in good to excellent yields under palladium catalysis in the presence of iodine, and this is the first example for the formation of an aryl CC bond from diarylborinic acids.magnified image
Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers, Diaryl Thioethers, and Diarylamines Mediated by Potassium Fluoride−Alumina and 18-Crown-6: Expansion of Scope and Utility1
摘要:
An efficient alternative to the Ullmann ether synthesis of diaryl ethers, diaryl thioethers, and diarylamines involving the SNAr addition of a phenol, thiophenol, or aniline to an appropriate aryl halide, mediated by potassium-fluoride alumina and 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile or DMSO, is described. Expansion of the reaction conditions to include DMSO as solvent has resulted in a far greater range of substitution patterns permitted on the electrophile. For example, it was found that electronically unfavorable S-chlorobenzonitrile could be condensed with 3-methoxyphenol to form the corresponding diaryl ether in 66% yield, a combination not normally amenable to Ullmann coupling. Electron-withdrawing groups present on the electrophile may be as diverse as nitro, cyano, formyl, acetyl, ester, amide, and even aryl. The method features a simple reaction procedure that provides products in generally good to excellent purified yields.