氯灭杀威 | 671-04-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 氯灭杀威
• 中文别名: 铁灭克；涕灭威；O-(甲氧氨基甲酰基)-2-甲基-2-甲硫基丙醛肟
• 英文名称: Banol
• 英文别名: carbanolate；(2-chloro-4,5-dimethylphenyl) N-methylcarbamate
• CAS: 671-04-5
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₂ClNO₂
• 分子量: 213.664
• InChiKey: QRTXZGIQTYDABO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  130-133 °C
• 沸点：
  306.8±42.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.2069 (rough estimate)
• 颜色/状态：
  CRYSTALLINE SOLID
• 溶解度：
  FREELY SOL IN CHLOROFORM, SLIGHTLY SOL IN WATER
• 稳定性/保质期：
  燃烧会产生有毒的氮氧化物和氯化物气体。
• 腐蚀性：
  NON-CORROSIVE
• 保留指数：
  1707.1

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.7
• 重原子数：
  14
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.3
• 拓扑面积：
  38.3
• 氢给体数：
  1
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

在大鼠口服BANOL后，其消除过程在48小时内完成。甲基胺到二氧化碳被识别为代谢物。观察到许多其他代谢物，包括葡萄糖苷酸，但未进行鉴定。在最近的研究中，通过在大鼠肝微粒体-NADPH2系统中孵化BANOL，识别出了2-氯-4,5-二甲苯基-N-羟基甲基碳酰胺和2-氯-4,5-二甲苯酚。通过微粒体或整个Blaberus giganteus脂肪体的BANOL降解导致至少3种代谢物的形成。其中之一是N-羟基甲基BANOL。

FOLLOWING SUBACUTE ORAL ADMIN OF BANOL TO RATS, ELIMINATION WAS...COMPLETE WITHIN 48 HR. METHYLAMINE TO CARBON DIOXIDE WERE IDENTIFIED AS METABOLITES. A NUMBER OF OTHER METABOLITES INCL GLUCURONATES WERE OBSERVED BUT NOT IDENTIFIED. IN MORE RECENT STUDIES, 2-CHLORO-4,5-XYLYL N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE AND 2-CHLORO-4,5-XYLENOL WERE IDENTIFIED AFTER INCUBATION OF BANOL IN RAT LIVER MICROSOME-NADPH2 SYSTEM. ... DEGRADATION OF BANOL BY MICROSOMES OR BY WHOLE BLABERUS GIGANTEUS FAT BODY RESULTED IN FORMATION OF AT LEAST 3 METABOLITES. ONE OF THESE WAS N-HYDROXYMETHYL BANOL.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

BANOL的代谢物性质研究，使用14C标记在羰基、4-甲基和N-甲基基团上。肝脏的制备在生物转化速率方面大致相等... 羧酸...以及少量相应的酚酸（3-4%），是通过随后的酯化裂解形成的，是主要的醚溶性产物（8-14%）。只有大鼠肝脏产生了N-羟甲基碳酸盐（6%）。

NATURE OF METABOLITES OF BANOL STUDIES USING (14)C-LABEL AT CARBONYL, 4-METHYL, & N-METHYL GROUPINGS. THE LIVER PREPN WERE ABOUT EQUAL IN THEIR RATES OF BIOTRANSFORMATION... CARBOXYLIC ACIDS...TOGETHER WITH SMALL AMT OF CORRESPONDING PHENOLIC ACIDS (3-4%), FORMED BY SUBSEQUENT ESTERATIC CLEAVAGE, WERE THE MAJOR ETHER-SOL PRODUCTS (8-14%). ONLY RAT LIVER YIELDED THE N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE (6%).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

BANOL在人体和鼠类中产生2-氯-4,5-二甲基苯酚和2-氯-4,5-二甲基苯基羟甲基氨基甲酸酯。STROTHER A; TOXICOL APPL PHARMAC 21: 112 (1972)。OONNITHAN ES和CASIDA JE; J AGRIC FD CHEM 16: 28 (1968)。2-氯-4,5-二甲基苯基羟甲基氨基甲酸酯也存在于豆类中。KUHR RJ和CASIDA JE; J AGRIC FD CHEM 15: 814 (1967)。/来自表格/

BANOL YIELDS 2-CHLORO-4,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL & 2-CHLORO-4,5-DIMETHYLPHENYL HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE IN MAN & IN RAT. STROTHER A; TOXICOL APPL PHARMAC 21: 112 (1972). OONNITHAN ES & CASIDA JE; J AGRIC FD CHEM 16: 28 (1968). 2-CHLORO-4,5-DIMETHYLPHENYL HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE ALSO IN BEANS. KUHR RJ & CASIDA JE; J AGRIC FD CHEM 15: 814 (1967). /FROM TABLE/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

没有证据表明单烷基碳酸酯，如...碳酸酯会被直接脱烷基化；相反，它们会受到N-甲基羟基化攻击，随后进行共轭反应。

THERE IS NO EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT MONOALKYLCARBAMATES SUCH AS...CARBANOLATE ARE DEALKYLATED DIRECTLY; RATHER, THEY ARE ATTACKED BY N-METHYLHYDROXYLATION & SUBSEQUENTLY CONJUGATED.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

甲酰胺通过肝脏酶促水解；降解产物通过肾脏和肝脏排出。

The carbamates are hydrolyzed enzymatically by the liver; degradation products are excreted by the kidneys and the liver. (L793)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

6-氯-3,4-二甲苯基甲氨基甲酸酯是一种胆碱酯酶或乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制剂。氨基甲酸酯通过与胆碱酯酶的活性位点进行氨基甲酰化形成不稳定的络合物。这种抑制是可逆的。胆碱酯酶抑制剂抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用。由于其基本功能，干扰乙酰胆碱酯酶作用的化学物质是强效的神经毒素，即使在低剂量下也会导致过度流涎和流泪。在高剂量暴露下，头痛、流涎、恶心、呕吐、腹痛和腹泻常常是显著的症状。乙酰胆碱酯酶分解神经递质乙酰胆碱，该递质在神经和肌肉接头处释放，以便让肌肉或器官放松。乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制的结果是乙酰胆碱积聚并继续发挥作用，使得任何神经冲动持续传递，肌肉收缩不会停止。

6-Chloro-3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

急性暴露于胆碱酯酶抑制剂可能会导致胆碱能危象，表现为严重的恶心/呕吐、流涎、出汗、心动过缓、低血压、崩溃和抽搐。肌肉无力可能性增加，如果呼吸肌肉受累，可能会导致死亡。在运动神经积累乙酰胆碱会导致神经肌肉接头处尼古丁表达的过度刺激。当这种情况发生时，可以看到肌肉无力、疲劳、肌肉痉挛、肌束震颤和麻痹的症状。当自主神经节积累乙酰胆碱时，这会导致交感系统中尼古丁表达的过度刺激。与此相关的症状是高血压和低血糖。由于乙酰胆碱积累，中枢神经系统中尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体的过度刺激会导致焦虑、头痛、抽搐、共济失调、呼吸和循环抑制、震颤、全身无力，甚至可能昏迷。当由于乙酰胆碱过多而在毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体上表现出毒蕈碱过度刺激时，可能会出现视力障碍、胸部紧绷、由于支气管收缩引起的喘息、支气管分泌物增加、唾液分泌增加、流泪、出汗、肠蠕动和排尿的症状。长期高（>10年）暴露会导致神经心理学后果，包括感知和视觉运动处理的干扰（A15321）。

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入 (L793)；口服 (L793)；皮肤给药 (L793)

Inhalation (L793) ; oral (L793); dermal (L793)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

与有机磷化合物一样，症状和体征基于过度的胆碱能刺激。与有机磷中毒不同，氨基甲酸酯中毒的持续时间往往较短，因为神经组织乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用是可逆的，且氨基甲酸酯的代谢速度更快。肌肉无力、眩晕、出汗和轻微的身体不适是常见的早期症状。头痛、流涎、恶心、呕吐、腹痛和腹泻在较高暴露水平时常常更为明显。瞳孔收缩伴视力模糊、不协调、肌肉抽搐和言语不清也有报道。(L795)

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 2757
• 海关编码：
  2924299090
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

类别：农药
毒性分级：剧毒
急性毒性：

• 大鼠经口 LD50：30 毫克/公斤
• 小鼠经口 LD50：300 毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：燃烧时会产生有毒的氮氧化物和氯化物气体。
储运特性：应存放在通风、低温、干燥的库房中，并与食品原料分开储存和运输。
灭火剂：使用干粉、泡沫或砂土进行灭火。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氯灭杀威 、 环己基异氰酸酯 在 potassium tert-butylate 作用下， 以 苯 为溶剂， 生成 Cyclohexyl-carbamic acid 2-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-phenyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Base-catalyzed reactions of isocyanates. Synthesis of 2,4-dialkylallophanates

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo01287a046

文献信息

• [EN] MICROBIOCIDAL OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'OXADIAZOLE MICROBIOCIDES
  申请人：SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG

  公开号：WO2017157962A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-09-21

  Compounds of the formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, useful as a pesticides, especially fungicides.

  式(I)的化合物，其中取代基如权利要求1所定义，作为杀虫剂特别是杀菌剂有用。
• Thieno-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity
  申请人：Brewster Kirkland William

  公开号：US20070093498A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-04-26

  The present invention relates to thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity.

  本发明涉及具有杀真菌活性的噻吩[2,3-d]-嘧啶化合物。
• [EN] INSECTICIDAL TRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TRIAZINONE INSECTICIDES
  申请人：SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG

  公开号：WO2013079350A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-06-06

  Compounds of the formula (I) or (I'), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are useful as pesticides.

  式(I)或(I')的化合物，其中取代基如权利要求1所定义的那样，可用作杀虫剂。
• Novel insecticides
  申请人：Syngenta Participations AG

  公开号：EP2540718A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-01-02

  Compounds of formula I wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts and all stereoisomers and tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula I can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se.

  式I的化合物 其中取代基如权利要求1所定义，并且式I化合物的农药可接受盐以及所有立体异构体和互变异构形式可用作杀虫剂，并且可以按照已知的方法制备。
• Molecules having pesticidal utility, and intermediates, compositions, and processes, related thereto
  申请人：Dow AgroSciences LLC

  公开号：US20180279612A1

  公开（公告）日：2018-10-04

  This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

  这份披露涉及具有对节肢动物门、软体动物门和线虫门害虫具有杀虫效用的分子领域，用于生产此类分子的过程，用于此类过程的中间体，含有此类分子的杀虫组合物，以及使用此类杀虫组合物对抗此类害虫的过程。这些杀虫组合物可以用作螨虫剂、杀虫剂、螨虫剂、软体动物杀虫剂和线虫杀虫剂。本文件披露了具有以下式（“式一”）的分子。

表征谱图