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汞(II) | 14302-87-5

中文名称
汞(II)
中文别名
——
英文名称
Mercuric cation
英文别名
mercury(2+)
汞(II)化学式
CAS
14302-87-5
化学式
Hg+2
mdl
——
分子量
200.59
InChiKey
BQPIGGFYSBELGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 物理描述:
    Liquid
  • 熔点:
    -38.8°C
  • 溶解度:
    6e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.0
  • 重原子数:
    1
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
汞主要通过摄入和吸入被吸收,然后通过血液流布全身,其中一部分会与血红蛋白上的巯基团结合。由于汞蒸汽具有脂溶性,吸入暴露后容易进入红细胞和中枢神经系统。一旦进入细胞内,汞蒸汽可以通过过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径发生氧化,变成汞离子。汞原子能够扩散到过氧化氢酶酶裂中,到达含有血红素环的活性位点。由于过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径普遍存在,氧化很可能发生在所有组织中。氧化后,汞倾向于在肾脏中积累。有机汞和元素汞也可以穿过胎盘和血脑屏障,因此也会在大脑中积累。汞主要通过呼出和粪便排出体外。
Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Being lipid soluble, mercury vapor readily enters the red blood cells and the central nervous system following inhalation exposure. Once inside the cell, mercury vapor can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase–hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Organic and elemental mercury can also penetrate the placenta and blood-brain barrier, and thus also accumulate in the brain. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. (A6, L7)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
汞离子与蛋白质的巯基或硫醇基团的高亲和力结合被认为是汞活性的主要机制。通过改变细胞内巯基状态,汞可以促进氧化应激、脂质过氧化、线粒体功能障碍和血红素代谢的变化。已知汞能与微囊和线粒体酶结合,导致细胞损伤和死亡。例如,汞能抑制水通道蛋白,阻止细胞膜上的水流。它还抑制蛋白质LCK,导致T细胞信号传导减少和免疫系统抑制。汞还被认为是通过作用于突触后神经细胞膜来抑制神经兴奋性。它还通过抑制蛋白激酶C和碱性磷酸酶来影响神经系统,这会损害大脑微血管的形成和功能,并改变血脑屏障。有机汞通过结合微管蛋白,阻止微管组装和导致有丝分裂抑制,从而产生发育效应。汞还能产生自身免疫反应,可能是通过修饰主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)II类分子、自身肽、T细胞受体或细胞表面粘附分子。
High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Organic mercury exerts developmental effects by binding to tubulin, preventing microtubule assembly and causing mitotic inhibition. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
3, 其对人类致癌性无法分类。
3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
水银主要影响神经系统。接触高水平的金属汞、无机汞或有机汞可能导致大脑、肾脏和发育中的胎儿永久性损害。对大脑功能的影响可能导致易怒、害羞、震颤、视力或听力改变以及记忆问题。儿童的水银中毒,即手足粉红病,特点是手和脚疼痛和粉红色变色。水银中毒还可能引起亨特-拉塞尔综合症和熊本病。
Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入(L7);口服(L7)
Inhalation (L7) ; oral (L7)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
常见症状包括周围神经病变(表现为感觉异常、瘙痒、灼热或疼痛),皮肤变色(红润的面颊、指尖和脚趾),水肿(肿胀)以及脱屑(死皮成层脱落)。
Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (A5)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    an alkylmercury 、 氢(+1)阳离子 生成 an alkane 、 汞(II)
    参考文献:
    名称:
    催化抗汞的假单胞菌K-62菌株碳汞键分裂的酶的纯化和性质。一,裂解酶1。
    摘要:
    通过链霉素处理,用硫酸铵沉淀,从抗汞的假单胞菌K-62菌株的无细胞提取物中纯化出催化有机汞化合物碳汞键断裂的酶(S-1),将其纯化约24倍。并在Sephadex G-150,DEAE-Sephadex和DEAE-纤维素上进行连续色谱分离。纯化的酶制剂在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上显示单条带,并且是无色的。该酶的分子量估计为19,000,对于对氯汞苯甲酸(PCMB),Km为5.3 X 10(-5)M。该反应的最适温度和pH分别为50度和7.0。该酶能够催化甲基汞氯化物(MMC),乙基汞氯化物(EMC),乙酸苯汞(PMA)的分解,和PCMB在巯基化合物的存在下分别形成汞离子与甲烷,乙烷,苯或苯甲酸。由此形成的汞离子通过金属汞释放酶(MMR-酶)被还原为金属汞。
    DOI:
    10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131261
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    2,3-二脱氧胞啶 、 、 硫化氢汞(II)methanol-dichloromethane 、 silica gel 、 甲醇二氯甲烷 作用下, 以 甲醇二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 23.25h, 以afforded 2.79 g (83%) of iodide 19 as a colorless crystalline solid的产率得到5-iodo-2',3'-dideoxycytidine
    参考文献:
    名称:
    DNA sequencing method using acyclonucleoside triphosphates
    摘要:
    Acyclonucleoside三磷酸被描述为在使用Sanger方法的DNA测序中作为链终止剂而有用。
    公开号:
    US05558991A1
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文献信息

  • NmerA of Tn<i>501</i> Mercuric Ion Reductase: Structural Modulation of the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Values of the Metal Binding Cysteine Thiols,
    作者:Richard Ledwidge、Baoyu Hong、Volker Dötsch、Susan M. Miller
    DOI:10.1021/bi100537f
    日期:2010.10.19
    differences between the two forms are compared with differences observed in three HMA domains with different metal ion and functional contexts. Second, analyses of the UV absorbance properties of wild-type, Cys11Ala, and Cys14Ala forms of NmerA are presented that provide assignments of the pKa values for the two cysteine thiols of the metal binding motif. Third, results from 13C NMR studies with wild-type
    为了避免金属离子与细胞组分的非特异性和/或不良结合和反应性,生物体发展了用于运输蛋白质的金属特异性系统。尽管系统不同,但处理Hg 2 +,Cu +,Zn 2+等软金属离子的系统都利用重金属相关(HMA)蛋白质和约70个氨基酸的结构域,并在βαββαβ中带有GMXCXXC保守基序。结构褶皱。虽然保守的半胱氨酸在这些蛋白质中定义了一个共同的金属结合位点,但必须利用其他结构特征来产生金属离子,蛋白质伴侣和背景特异性。本文介绍了Tn 501的N末端HMA结构域(NmerA)的初始结构-功能研究汞离子还原酶(MerA)旨在鉴定对其促进Hg 2+有效转移至MerA催化核心以进行还原性解毒至关重要的结构特征。首先,给出了还原的和Hg 2+结合形式的NmerA的NMR溶液结构,该结构允许定义和比较两种状态下的金属结合环的结构。将两种形式之间的结构差异与在具有不同金属离子和功能环境的三个HMA域中观察到的差
  • Fox B.; Walsh C.T., J Biol Chem, 1982, 0021-9258, 2498-503
    作者:Fox B.、Walsh C.T.
    DOI:——
    日期:——
  • Mercuric reductase: homology to glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Iodoacetamide alkylation and sequence of the active site peptide
    作者:Barbara S. Fox、Christopher T. Walsh
    DOI:10.1021/bi00286a014
    日期:1983.8
  • Purification and Properties of an Enzyme Catalyzing the Splitting of Carbon-Mercury Linkages from Mercury-Resistant Pseudomonas K-62 Strain
    作者:Toshiyuki TEZUKA、Kenzo TONOMURA
    DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131261
    日期:1976.7
    respectively. The enzyme was capable of catalyzing the decomposition of methylmercuric chloride (MMC), ethylmercuric chloride (EMC), phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), and PCMB in the presence of a sulfhydryl compound to form a mercuric ion plus methane, ethane, benzene, or benzoic acid, respectively. The mercuric ion thus formed was reduced to metallic mercury by metallic mercury-releasing enzyme (MMR-enzyme)
    通过链霉素处理,用硫酸铵沉淀,从抗汞的假单胞菌K-62菌株的无细胞提取物中纯化出催化有机汞化合物碳汞键断裂的酶(S-1),将其纯化约24倍。并在Sephadex G-150,DEAE-Sephadex和DEAE-纤维素上进行连续色谱分离。纯化的酶制剂在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上显示单条带,并且是无色的。该酶的分子量估计为19,000,对于对氯汞苯甲酸(PCMB),Km为5.3 X 10(-5)M。该反应的最适温度和pH分别为50度和7.0。该酶能够催化甲基汞氯化物(MMC),乙基汞氯化物(EMC),乙酸苯汞(PMA)的分解,和PCMB在巯基化合物的存在下分别形成汞离子与甲烷,乙烷,苯或苯甲酸。由此形成的汞离子通过金属汞释放酶(MMR-酶)被还原为金属汞。
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