毒理性
识别和使用:锆是一种灰白色的金属。锆元素以不同形式使用;粉末、箔片和切碎的机械加工碎片。它用作底漆或爆炸混合物的成分;闪光灯粉末;在冶金中作为脱氧剂;在真空管中作为“吸气剂”;在灯丝、闪光灯泡和核反应堆中制造人造丝喷丝头。纯锆越来越多地被用作一种耐腐蚀金属,用于制造柱、泵、管道、阀门、热交换器和用于严重化学环境的罐,特别是硫酸和盐酸,但不包括含有氟化物的那些。在这种能力下,它也用于生产尿素、过氧化氢、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或乙酸的设施。 人类暴露和毒性:一项对22名在锆还原过程中暴露于烟雾1至5年的工人的研究表明,没有明显的与锆暴露有关的异常。此外,32名从事锆金属反应堆部件手工加工的男性,他们在那份工作中工作了1至17年,与对照组没有显著差异。锆工人的肺肉芽肿已有报道;然而,报告没有具体说明是由于锆金属还是锆的特定化合物。此外,在使用含有锆的除臭棒和含有锆的毒藤霜后,观察到皮肤肉芽肿性病变,可能是过敏性上皮样起源;后者可能作为化合物使用,而不是作为金属本身。 动物研究:在审查时没有发现动物毒性研究。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium is a grey-white metal. Zirconium, elemental is used in varying forms; dust, foil and chopped machining chips. It is used as an ingredient of priming or explosive mixtures; flashlight powders; as deoxidizer in metallurgy; as "getter" in vacuum tubes; in constructing rayon spinnerets in lamp filaments, flash bulbs, and nuclear reactors. Pure zirconium is being increasingly used as a corrosion-resistant metal in fabricating columns, pumps, pipe, valves, heat exchangers, and tanks for severe chemical environments, particularly sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, except those containing fluorides. In this capacity, it is also used in facilities producing urea, hydrogen peroxide, methyl methacrylate, or acetic acid. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A study of 22 workers exposed to fumes during the zirconium reduction process for 1 to 5 years revealed no striking abnormalities referable to zirconium exposure. Also, 32 male hand finishers of zirconium metal reactor components who had worked for 1 to 17 years in that job showed no significant differences from the control group. Pulmonary granuloma in zirconium workers have been reported; however, the reports do not specify whether it was due to zirconium metal or a specific compound of zirconium. In addition, dermal granulomatous lesions, probably of allergic epithelioid origin, have been observed following the use of deodorant sticks and poison ivy lotions containing zirconium; the latter chemical may have been used as a compound and not as the metal per se. ANIMAL STUDIES: No animal toxicity studies were found at time of review.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)