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锝 | 7440-26-8

中文名称
中文别名
——
英文名称
technetium
英文别名
——
锝化学式
CAS
7440-26-8
化学式
Tc
mdl
——
分子量
97.9072
InChiKey
GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    2250 ±50°
  • 沸点:
    4265°C (estimate)
  • 密度:
    11.000
  • 颜色/状态:
    Close-packed hexagonal structure; isomorphous with rhodium, ruthenium, and osmium
  • 溶解度:
    Dissolves in nitric acid, aqua regia, and concentrated sulfuric acid; not soluble in hydrochloric acid of any strength
  • 蒸汽压力:
    1 Pa at 2454 °C; 10 Pa at 2725 °C; 100 Pa at 3051 °C; 1 kPa at 3453 °C; 10 kPa at 3961 °C; 100 kPa at 4621 °C (all values are extrapolated)
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    <b><p></p></b>

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.0
  • 重原子数:
    1
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清洗。如果患者停止呼吸,开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩,按训练操作。如有必要,进行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐,让患者前倾或置于左侧(如果可能,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入性肺炎。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/毒物A和B/
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
基本治疗:建立专利气道(如需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有需要,协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿,如有必要,进行治疗……。监测休克,如有必要,进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作,如有必要,进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的呕吐反射且不流口水,则用水冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后,用干性无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒物A和B/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
高级治疗:对于昏迷、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人,考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛,考虑给予β受体激动剂,如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W/SRP:“保持开放”,最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象,使用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)或乳酸钠林格氏液。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压,谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/毒物A和B/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
基本治疗:建立专利气道(如需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。密切观察呼吸不足的迹象,并在必要时协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……预见并治疗癫痫发作……对相关伤害进行常规紧急护理。对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运送过程中持续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能够吞咽,具有良好的呛咳反射且不流口水,则用水冲洗口腔并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释……根据需要进行常规BLS(基本生命支持)护理。/放射性物质I、II和III/
Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Perform routine emergency care for associated injuries. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a good gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Perform routine BLS care as necessary. /Radioactives I, II, and III/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
高级治疗:对于无意识或严重呼吸困难的病人,考虑进行口咽或鼻咽插管以控制气道。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。开始静脉输注0.9%的生理盐水(NS)或乳酸钠林格氏液(LR)。对于伴有低血容量症状的低血压,谨慎给予液体。注意观察液体过载的迹象。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫。根据需要执行常规的先进生命支持护理。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗。/放射性物质I、II和III/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR). For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs fo fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Perform routine advanced life support care as needed. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Radioactives I, II, and III/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SDS

SDS:0b3d3bc045778ef057e64ca675a4a4a2
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制备方法与用途

简介

锝(dé)是首个以人工方法制得的元素,其主要来源为反应堆中铀裂变产物。至80年代初,地球上尚未发现天然存在的锝。通过在500~600℃下用氢还原硫化锝(Tc2S7)或过锝酸铵,或者在硫酸溶液中电解过锝酸铵,可以得到金属锝。

发现历史

锝是首个以人工方法制得的元素,其主要来源为反应堆中铀裂变产物。这种元素从废核燃料棒中成吨提取。门捷列夫在建立元素周期系时预言了它的存在,并命名为eka-manganese(类锰)。莫斯莱确定了它的原子序数为43。实际上,在门捷列夫建立元素周期系之前,有关这个元素发现的报告已经出现。1846年,俄罗斯化学家盖尔曼声称从黑色钛铁矿(ilmenite)中发现了该元素,并将其命名为ilmenium,测得其原子量约为104.6,并描述了一些与锰相似的性质。随后,在1877年,俄罗斯圣彼得堡的化学工程师克恩发表了一种占据钼和钌之间的新元素报告,其原子量经测定等于100,但它被证明是铱、铑和铁的混合物。亚洲的化学家们不甘落后:1908年,日本化学家小川声称从方钍石中发现了这一元素并命名为nipponium;到1924年,又有化学家报告利用X射线光谱分析从锰矿中发现了这一元素,并将其命名为moseleyum。迟至1925年,德国科学家也宣布在铌铁矿中发现了这一元素。但这些发现都没有被证实和承认。

应用

锝能与CO、芳烃以及环戊二烯基等有机配体形成多种配位络合物。许多配合物由于其在核医学领域具有很好的应用前景而受到深入研究。通过Tc-C键可以形成很多有机锝络合物,如二羰基化合物Tc2(CO)10是一种白色挥发性的固体,在这个分子中,两个锝原子相互结合,每个原子又被五个羰基配体形成的八面体包围。锝原子之间的键长为303 pm,明显大于金属锝(272 pm)中两个原子之间的距离。类似的羰基化合物也可以由锝的同系物:锰和铼形成。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    air 作用下, 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂, 生成 technetium(VII) oxide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Spitsyn, V. I.; Bukov, K. G.; Emel'yanenko, A. M., Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1988, vol. 33, p. 1403 - 1405
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    ammonium pertechnetate硫酸 为溶剂, 生成
    参考文献:
    名称:
    金箔上电沉积锝的表征
    摘要:
    TcO{sub 4}{sup -} 在暴露面积为 0.25 cm{sup 2} 的光滑金箔电极上的还原和电沉积在 1 MH {sub 2}SO{sub 4} 支持电解质中使用本体电解进行在 -2.0 V 的电位下具有 1.0 A/cm{sup 2} 的恒定电流密度。显着的氢析出伴随着 Tc 沉积物的形成。Tc 浓度由 0.01 M 和 2 x 10{sup -3} M 组成,并经过不同时间电沉积。Tc 的沉积部分通过粉末 x 射线衍射、x 射线吸收精细结构光谱和扫描电子显微镜进行表征,扫描电子显微镜具有通过能量色散 x 射线发射光谱测量半定量元素组成的能力。结果表明,对于所有沉积时间和 Tc 浓度,所有样品上都存在 Tc 金属作为主要的电沉积成分。已经观察到 Tc 薄膜,然后形成可通过刮擦去除的珠子。2000 年之后,从溶液中去除和沉积的 Tc 的量为 0.64 mg Tc/cm{sup 2}。电沉积后的溶液在
    DOI:
    10.1149/1.3533364
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    丙酮aluminum oxide 作用下, 生成 丙烷异丙醇
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Hydrogenation of acetone on technetium catalysts
    摘要:
    The catalytic properties of supported mono-and bimetallic catalysts of the Tc/support, M/support, and M-Tc/support types (M = Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni, Re, Co; supports are gamma-Al2O3, MgO, SiO2) were investigated in the acetone hydrogenation. The main products of this reaction are isopropyl alcohol and propane. The catalytic activity in the acetone hydrogenation of the metals studied decreases in the consequence Pt > Tc approximate to Rh > Pd > Ru > Ni approximate to Re > Co (with gamma-Al2O3 as the support). The influence of support nature on the catalytic activity was investigated for the Rh-Tc system as an example. A nonadditive increase in the catalytic activity of Rh-Tc/gamma-Al2O3 in comparison with monometallic catalysts was found. The state of the surface of the catalysts was characterized by the UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra.
    DOI:
    10.1007/bf02495642
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文献信息

  • Complexes of technetium(IV) and (III) with tertiary phosphines
    作者:Ulderico Mazzi、Giovanni de Paoli、Plinio Di Bernardo、Luciano Magon
    DOI:10.1016/0022-1902(76)80344-2
    日期:1976.1
    The synthesis and characterization of the complexes trans-TcX4L2 and mer-TcX3L3 (X = Cl and Br, and L = PMe2Ph, PEt2Ph and PPh3) are reported. Configurations were deduced by far-IR and 1H NMR studies. Magnetic susceptibility and 1H NMR results for mer-TcCl3(PMe2Ph)3 are compared with those for analogues d4 complexes.
    报道了反式-TcX 4 L 2和mer -TcX 3 L 3(X = Cl和Br,L = PMe 2 Ph,PEt 2 Ph和PPh 3)的配合物的合成和表征。通过远红外和1 H NMR研究推导了构型。将mer- TcCl 3(PMe 2 Ph)3的磁化率和1 H NMR结果与类似物d 4配合物进行了比较。
  • Technetium Chlorides
    作者:R. COLTON
    DOI:10.1038/193872b0
    日期:1962.3
    similarity to that of rhenium, but differences have been found in their chlorides. The action of chlorine on rhenium metal gives rhenium pentachloride, which may be readily decomposed to the trichloride by heating it in a stream of nitrogen1. Rhenium tetrachloride is unknown. For technetium only the tetrachloride has previously been reported; it was made by the action of carbon tetrachloride on the heptoxide
    正如所料,锝的化学性质通常与铼的化学性质非常相似,但在它们的氯化物中发现了差异。氯对铼金属的作用产生五氯化铼,它可以通过在氮气流中加热而容易地分解成三氯化物1。四氯化铼是未知的。对于锝,之前仅报告了四氯化物;它是通过四氯化碳对炸弹中的七氧化物作用制成的。
  • Separation of metallic residues from the dissolution of a high-burnup BWR fuel using nitrogen trifluoride
    作者:Bruce K. McNamara、Edgar C. Buck、Chuck Z. Soderquist、Frances N. Smith、Edward J. Mausolf、Randall D. Scheele
    DOI:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.02.010
    日期:2014.6
    rhodium, palladium, technetium, and molybdenum), smaller amounts of zirconium, selenium, tellurium, and silver, along with trace quantities of plutonium, uranium, cesium, cobalt, europium, and americium, likely as their oxides. Exposing the noble metal phase to 10% NF3 in argon, between 400 and 550 °C, removed molybdenum and technetium near 400 °C as their volatile fluorides, and ruthenium near 500 °C
    三氟化氮(NF 3)来从高燃耗的溶解氟化金属残余物,沸水反应堆燃料(约70兆瓦/ KGU)。将洗涤后的残留物包括贵金属相(含有钌,铑,钯,锝,和钼),少量的锆,硒,碲,和银的,钚,铀,铯,钴,铕的微量一起和镅,可能是因为它们的氧化物。露出贵金属相至10%NF 3在氩气中,400和550℃,除去钼和近400℃作为其挥发性氟化物锝和近500℃钌作为其挥发性氟化物之间。该事件是热和时间不同的,条件指定提供一种配方这些过渡金属彼此并从非挥发性残留物中分离出来。挥发性氟化物的缺失导致大量放热。热漂移行为被记录在非绝热,等温模式操作的热重仪器; 条件,通常最小化热释放。贵金属相和它的热行为的物理特征是与由所述纳米颗粒相或混合的铂族金属的催化或许影响与接近纯的相结构鼓励高动能速度反应是一致的。后氟化,只有两种产品均存在于残余的非挥发性成分。这些被鉴定为纳米晶体,金属钯立方相和六方铑氟化(RHF3)相。将
  • Some quinquevalent fluorotechnetates
    作者:D. Hugill、R. D. Peacock
    DOI:10.1039/j19660001339
    日期:——
    The preparation of the alkali-metal hexafluorotechnetates(V) from technetium hexafluoride is described. The unit cell dimensions, reflectance spectra, and magnetic susceptibilities of the compounds have been measured.
    描述了由六氟化tech制备碱金属六氟tech酸盐(V)。已测量了化合物的晶胞尺寸,反射光谱和磁化率。
  • Solid State Molecular Structures of Transition Metal Hexafluorides
    作者:Thomas Drews、Joanna Supeł、Adelheid Hagenbach、Konrad Seppelt
    DOI:10.1021/ic052029f
    日期:2006.5.1
    Single-crystal structure determinations of all nine transition metal hexafluorides (Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt) at -140 degrees C are presented. All compounds crystallize alike and have the same molecular structure. The bond length sequence r(w-F) congruent with r(Re-F) congruent with r(Os-F) < r(Ir-F) < r(Pt-F) is confirmed and paralleled by the sequence r(Mo-F) congruent with r(Tc-F) congruent
    给出了在-140℃下所有九种过渡金属六氟化物(Mo,Tc,Ru,Rh,W,Re,Os,Ir和Pt)的单晶结构测定结果。所有化合物均会结晶,并具有相同的分子结构。确认键长序列r(wF)等于r(Re-F)等于r(Os-F)
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