Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Norcantharidin Derivatives Possessing an Aromatic Amine Moiety as Antifungal Agents
作者:Yang Wang、Wenbo Sun、Shunqing Zha、Huan Wang、Yalin Zhang
DOI:10.3390/molecules201219782
日期:——
Based on the structure of naturally produced cantharidin, different arylamine groups were linked to the norcantharidin scaffold to provide thirty six compounds. Their structures were confirmed by melting point, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS-ESI studies. These synthetic compounds were tested as fungistatic agents against eight phytopathogenic fungi using the mycelium growth rate method. Of these thirty six derivatives, seven displayed stronger antifungal activity than did norcantharidin, seven showed higher activity than did cantharidin and three exhibited more significant activity than that of thiabendazole. In particular, 3-(3′-chloro-phenyl)carbamoyl norcantharidate II-8 showed the most significant fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia fructigena and S. sclerotiorum, with IC50 values of 0.88 and 0.97 μg/mL, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationship data of these compounds revealed that: (1) the benzene ring is critical for the improvement of the spectrum of antifungal activity (3-phenylcarbamoyl norcantharidate II-1 vs norcantharidin and cantharidin); (2) among the three sites, including the C-2′, C-3′ and C-4′ positions of the phenyl ring, the presence of a halogen atom at the C-3′position of the benzene ring caused the most significant increase in antifungal activity; (3) compounds with strongly electron-drawing or electron-donating groups substitutions were found to have a poor antifungal activity; and (4) compared with fluorine, bromine and iodine, chlorine substituted at the C-3′ position of the benzene ring most greatly promoted fungistatic activity. Thus, compound II-8 has emerged as new lead structure for the development of new fungicides.
基于天然斑蝥素结构,将不同的芳香胺与去甲斑蝥素骨架相连接,合成了36个化合物。并通过熔点测定、1H-NMR、13C-NMR以及HRMS-ESI等方法证实其结构。以菌丝生长速率法对其进行了抑菌活性测试,结果发现:在36个衍生物中,有7个衍生物的抑菌活性高于去甲斑蝥素,有7个衍生物的抑菌活性高于斑蝥素,有3个衍生物的抑菌活性高于多菌灵。尤其是化合物3-(3'-氯苯基)氨基甲酰去甲斑蝥酸二甲酯(II-8)对褐腐菌和菌核菌的抑制活性最高,其IC50值分别为0.88和0.97 μg/mL。通过对化合物的结构活性关系研究发现,对于抑菌谱的提升,苯环至关重要(3-苯基氨基甲酰去甲斑蝥酸二甲酯(II-1)相对于去甲斑蝥素和斑蝥素);在苯环上的三个取代位点中,即C-2'、C-3'和C-4'位点,在C-3'位点连接卤素原子会最大程度地增加化合物抑菌活性;具有强吸电子基或者供电子基的取代基均导致化合物的抑菌活性较差;相对于氟、溴、碘,氯在苯环的C-3'位点对化合物抑菌活性促进最为显著。因此,化合物II-8为创制新的杀菌剂提供了一种新的先导结构。