Ka Values of Weak Organic Acids in Protic Solvents Obtained from Their First Hyperpolarizabilities in Solution
摘要:
The first hyperpolarizabilities (beta) of some weak aromatic organic acids have been measured in protic solvents by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique at low concentrations. The measured hyperpolarizability (beta(m)) varies between the two extreme limits: the hyperpolarizability of the acid form (beta(HA)) at the lower side and that of the basic form (beta(A-)) at the higher side. The degree of dissociation (alpha) of the acid in a solvent is related to the measured hyperpolarizability, beta(m), by the following relationship: beta(m)(2)=(1-alpha)beta(HA)(2)+alpha beta(A-)(2). The calculated beta's including solvent effects in terms of an Onsager field do not reproduce the experimentally measured hyperpolarizabilities. Other solvent-induced effects like hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions seem to influence the first hyperpolarizability and, thus, indirectly the extent of dissociation of these weak acids in these protic solvents.
with only a handful of biocatalysts available to this end. We have increased the spectrum of carboxylate-reducing enzymes (CARs) with the sequence of a fungal CAR fromNeurosporacrassa OR74A (NcCAR). NcCAR was efficiently expressed in E. coli using an autoinduction protocol at low temperature. It was purified and characterized in vitro, revealing a broad substrate acceptance, a pH optimum at pH 5.5-6
羧酸的酶促还原还处于初期,只有少数几种生物催化剂可用于此目的。我们已经利用来自神经孢霉OR74A(NcCAR)的真菌CAR的序列增加了羧酸盐还原酶(CARs)的谱图。NcCAR在低温下使用自动诱导方案在大肠杆菌中有效表达。对其进行了纯化和体外表征,显示了广泛的底物接受性,最适pH值为5.5-6.0,Tm为45°C和副产物焦磷酸盐的抑制作用(可通过添加焦磷酸酶来缓解)。NcCAR的合成效用已在使用大肠杆菌K-12 MG1655 RARE菌株进行全细胞生物转化中得到证实,目的是抑制过度还原为不想要的酒精。由戊酸(30 mM)以克规模制备芳香化合物胡椒醛,分离出的产率为92%,纯度> 98%。这对应于1.5g / L / h的生产率。
Ka Values of Weak Organic Acids in Protic Solvents Obtained from Their First Hyperpolarizabilities in Solution
作者:Paresh Chandra Ray、Puspendu Kumar Das
DOI:10.1021/j100051a014
日期:1995.12
The first hyperpolarizabilities (beta) of some weak aromatic organic acids have been measured in protic solvents by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique at low concentrations. The measured hyperpolarizability (beta(m)) varies between the two extreme limits: the hyperpolarizability of the acid form (beta(HA)) at the lower side and that of the basic form (beta(A-)) at the higher side. The degree of dissociation (alpha) of the acid in a solvent is related to the measured hyperpolarizability, beta(m), by the following relationship: beta(m)(2)=(1-alpha)beta(HA)(2)+alpha beta(A-)(2). The calculated beta's including solvent effects in terms of an Onsager field do not reproduce the experimentally measured hyperpolarizabilities. Other solvent-induced effects like hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions seem to influence the first hyperpolarizability and, thus, indirectly the extent of dissociation of these weak acids in these protic solvents.
Substrate Distortion and the Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of 5-Carboxyvanillate Decarboxylase
作者:Anna Vladimirova、Yury Patskovsky、Alexander A. Fedorov、Jeffrey B. Bonanno、Elena V. Fedorov、Rafael Toro、Brandan Hillerich、Ronald D. Seidel、Nigel G. J. Richards、Steven C. Almo、Frank M. Raushel
DOI:10.1021/jacs.5b08251
日期:2016.1.27
5-nitrovanillate (Kd = 5.0 nM), was determined to a resolution of 1.07 Å. The structure of this complex shows a remarkable enzyme-induced distortion of the nitro-substituent out of the plane of the phenyl ring by approximately 23°. A chemical reaction mechanism for the decarboxylation of 5-carboxyvanillate by LigW was proposed on the basis of the high resolution X-ray structures determined in the presence ligands