Optimization of 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds against opportunistic fungal pathogens
摘要:
Ring-opened benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium salts (3) were designed and synthesized with substitution on the thiophene moiety. In vitro screenings were carried out against fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. In all, by replacing the N-methyl group (2) with N-omega-phenylpentyl or omega-cyclohexylpentyl group to form substituted 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds produced remarkable potencies, as high as 300-fold (cf. cryptolepine (1) = 250 mu g/mL vs lip = 0.8 mu g/mL for C. albicans) over the starting tetracyclic parent. In addition, all the N-omega-cyclohexylpentyl analogs produced superior activity against all the microorganisms tested than the N-omega-phenylpentyl substituted compounds. The potential of these compounds to induce toxicity in Vero cells was also investigated and the majority of them showed lower or no cytotoxicity at 10 mu g/mL than amphotericin B. the gold standard in antifungal drug development. For instance, the trifluoromethyl substituted analogs (11n-p) have selectivity indices over 2-fold better than those of amphotericin B in C. neoformans. Overall, this ring-opened scafford of benzothienoquinolines, with substitution on the thiophenyl moiety, serves as a new lead for further development. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
Optimization of 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds against opportunistic fungal pathogens
摘要:
Ring-opened benzothieno[3,2-b]quinolinium salts (3) were designed and synthesized with substitution on the thiophene moiety. In vitro screenings were carried out against fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. In all, by replacing the N-methyl group (2) with N-omega-phenylpentyl or omega-cyclohexylpentyl group to form substituted 3-(phenylthio)quinolinium compounds produced remarkable potencies, as high as 300-fold (cf. cryptolepine (1) = 250 mu g/mL vs lip = 0.8 mu g/mL for C. albicans) over the starting tetracyclic parent. In addition, all the N-omega-cyclohexylpentyl analogs produced superior activity against all the microorganisms tested than the N-omega-phenylpentyl substituted compounds. The potential of these compounds to induce toxicity in Vero cells was also investigated and the majority of them showed lower or no cytotoxicity at 10 mu g/mL than amphotericin B. the gold standard in antifungal drug development. For instance, the trifluoromethyl substituted analogs (11n-p) have selectivity indices over 2-fold better than those of amphotericin B in C. neoformans. Overall, this ring-opened scafford of benzothienoquinolines, with substitution on the thiophenyl moiety, serves as a new lead for further development. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
Visible-Light-Driven Halogen-Bond-Assisted Direct Synthesis of Heteroaryl Thioethers Using Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot C–I Bond Formation/C–S Cross-Coupling Reaction
involves two sequential reactions in a single pot where the formation of the iodinated heteroarene is followed by a transition-metal-free C–S coupling reaction. A wide range of heteroarene and thiol partners (including aliphatic thiols) have been used for the synthesis of thioethers. NMR studies and DFT calculations revealed the presence of a halogen bond between the thiolateanion (halogen bond acceptor)
Herein, we disclose a mild and versatile nickel-catalyzed method for exclusive C3-selective thioetherification, alkylation, arylation, acylation, and phosphorylation of quinolines with a variety of electrophiles. Unactivated quinolines can be functionalized without directing groups at roomtemperature. Control experiments indicated that quinolines underwent 1,4-addition with nickel hydride species
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Heteroaryl Halides with Thiols
作者:Weiqi Liu、Xinghao Jin、Dawei Ma
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.4c00645
日期:2024.6.21
The nucleophilicaromaticsubstitution (SNAr) between heteroaryl halides (Cl, Br) and thiols proceeds smoothly in DMAc under the action of K2CO3 at rt–100 °C. For most electron-deficient heteroarenes, reaction takes place without introducing an additional electron-withdrawing group. For electron-rich heteroarenes, an additional electron-withdrawing group such as a simple ester, keto, cyano, and nitro
在 rt–100 °C 的 K 2 CO 3作用下,杂芳基卤化物 (Cl, Br) 和硫醇之间的亲核芳香取代 (S N Ar) 在 DMAc 中顺利进行。对于大多数缺电子杂芳烃,反应的发生无需引入额外的吸电子基团。对于富电子杂芳烃,需要额外的吸电子基团(例如简单的酯基、酮基、氰基和硝基)以确保反应完成。杂芳基卤化物的反应性趋势高度依赖于杂芳烃的电子性质和卤素的方向。除了硫醇之外,一些官能化的硫脲和硫代酰胺也与这些条件相容,以良好的产率提供相应的杂芳基硫醚。
Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling between Heteroaryl Bromides and α-Thioacetic Acids to Access Biaryl Thioethers
作者:Alec H. Christian
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.1c01309
日期:2021.8.6
Structural Simplification of Cryptolepine to Obtain Novel Antifungal Quinoline Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi