4-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrones as Inhibitors of HIV Protease: The Effect of Heterocyclic Substituents at C-6 on Antiviral Potency and Pharmacokinetic Parameters
摘要:
Due largely to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant HIV strains, the development of new HIV protease inhibitors remains a high priority for the pharmaceutical industry. Toward this end, we previously identified a 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrone lead compound (CI-1029, 1) which possesses excellent activity against the protease enzyme, good antiviral efficacy in cellular assays, and promising bioavailability in several animal species. The search for a suitable backup candidate centered on the replacement of the aniline moiety at C-6 with an appropriately substituted heterocyle. In general, this series of heterocyclic inhibitors displayed good activity (in both enzymatic and cellular tests) and-low cellular toxicity; furthermore, several analogues exhibited improved pharmacokinetic parameters in animal models. The compound with the best combination of high potency, low toxicity, and favorable bioavailabilty was (S)-3-(2-tertbutyl-4-hydroxymethy1- 5-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-6-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl)-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one (13-(S)). This thiophene derivative also exhibited excellent antiviral efficacy against mutant HIV protease and resistant HIV strains. For these reasons, compound 13-(S) was chosen for further preclinical evaluation.
A convenientsynthesis of dieneynes 1 is described. Our strategy involves reaction of readily available thiophosphates with sodium acetylides, in which new single and double carbon–carbon bonds are formed.
A new strategy has been established for the kineticresolution of racemic allylic alcohols through a palladium/sulfonyl‐hydrazide‐catalyzed asymmetric OH‐substitution under mild conditions. In the presence of 1 mol % [Pd(allyl)Cl]2, 4 mol % (S)‐SegPhos, and 10 mol % 2,5‐dichlorobenzenesulfonyl hydrazide, a range of racemic allylic alcohols were smoothly resolved with selectivity factors of more than
The present invention concerns the use of a furfural derivative of formula (I)
in which R represents (i) a —CH═CR′
1
—COR
1
group, a group
a group
a group
or a —CHO and R′ represents a hydrogen atom or a (C
1
-C
4
)alkyl group, as a chemical vehicle, as a solvent, co-solvent, coalescing agent, crystallization inhibitor, plasticising agent, degreasing agent, etchant, cleaning agent or agent for increasing biological activity, and more particularly as a solvent.
It also concerns phytosanitary formulations or resin-solubilising formulations comprising at least one such furfural derivative of formula (I).
The present invention relates to novel dihydropyrones with tethered heterocycles having improved pharmacologic properties which potently inhibit the HIV aspartyl protease blocking HIV infectivity. The dihydropyrones are useful in the development of therapies for the treatment of viral infections and diseases, including AIDS. The present invention is also directed to methods of synthesis of the dihydropyrones and intermediates useful in the preparation of the final compounds.
Cyclodimerization of<i>α</i>,<i>β</i>-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Lanthanoid Tri-2-propoxides
作者:Tamon Okano、Katsutoshi Ohno、Jitsuo Kiji
DOI:10.1246/cl.1996.1041
日期:1996.12
α,β-Unsaturated ketones are cyclodimerized by the catalysis of lanthanoid tri-2-propoxides into substituted cyclohexanones in good yields. The catalytic activity of the lanthanoids is fairly superior to those of the sodium or aluminum propoxides.