Interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membranes and processes for preparing the same
申请人:HYDRANAUTICS
公开号:EP0527348A1
公开(公告)日:1993-02-17
Water permeable reverse osmosis membranes are prepared by interfacially polymerizing on a microporous support an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having at least two amine functional groups per reactant molecule, and an essentially monomeric amine-reactive polyfunctional single ring cycloaliphatic acyl halide having fewer than six carbon atoms per ring and having on the average at least about 2.2 acyl halide groups per reactant molecule. The polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of a monomeric amine salt, which increases the flux rate of the resulting membrane. In addition, an aromatic polyfunctional acyl halide may be used in conjunction with the cycloaliphatic acyl halide in order to increase salt rejection rates. Preferred cycloaliphatic acyl halides are 1-cis, 2-trans, 3-cis, 4-trans-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid chloride, 1-cis, 2-trans, 3-cis, 4-trans-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid chloride and 1-cis, 2-trans, 4-cis-cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid chloride. The preparation of novel alternating cis/trans isomers of cycloaliphatic polycarboxylic acid halides is carried out using metal salts of the all-cis polycarboxylic acids.
透水反渗透膜的制备方法是在微孔支撑体上界面聚合基本上是单体的多胺反应物(每个反应物分子至少有两个胺官能团)和基本上是单体的胺反应性多官能团单环脂族酰卤,每个环的碳原子数少于六个,每个反应物分子平均至少有大约 2.2 个酰卤基团。聚合反应最好在有单体胺盐存在的情况下进行,这样可以提高所得膜的通量。此外,芳香族多官能酰卤可与环脂族酰卤一起使用,以提高盐排斥率。优选的环脂族酰卤有 1-顺式、2-反式、3-顺式、4-反式环戊烷四羧酰氯,1-顺式、2-反式、3-顺式、4-反式环丁烷四羧酰氯和 1-顺式、2-反式、4-顺式环戊烷三羧酰氯。利用全顺式多羧酸的金属盐,可以制备新型环脂族多羧酸卤化物的顺式/反式交替异构体。