Determination of Macronutrients, by Chemical Analysis, of Home-Prepared Milk Feeding Bottles and their Contribution to the Energy and Protein Requirements of Infants from High and Low Socioeconomic Classes
摘要:
Objectives: To determine the macronutrients composition of home-prepared milk feeding bottles, by chemical analysis, and assess their contribution to the energy and protein requirements of children under two years of age from high (HSE) and low (LSE) socioeconomic classes.Methods: 72 samples were analyzed for energy density and protein, fat and carbohydrate content: 41 from the LSE group and 31 from the HSE group. The assessment of the percentages of the energy and protein requirements met by the consumption of the milk bottles was calculated as follows: the energy and protein per 100 mL obtained through chemical analysis were multiplied by the volume consumed at each feeding, then by the number of feedings per day, the results divided by the energy and protein requirements and multiplied by 100. Energy and protein requirements were those recommended by the FAO/WHO/UNU Committee and the Food and Nutrition Board. The children's weight-for-age index was assessed.Results: Unmodified cow's milk was largely consumed by both groups. The addition of sugar and other ingredients to the milk was significantly higher in the LSE group. Moisture, protein and fat content were lower in the LSE group. whereas carbohydrate and energy content were higher. The percentages of energy and protein requirements provided by feeding bottles were higher in the LSE group. Children in the LSE group had lower z-scores for weight-for-age.Conclusions: Differences in the preparation practices led to differences in the chemical results. The feeding bottles in the LSE group were high in energy, due to the addition of sugar and cereals to the milk in the bottle. The milk feeding bottles were an important weaning food providing more than 50% and 100% of the children's energy and protein requirements, respectively. The children's weight-for-age index was within the normal Lb-aits.
[EN] PYRROLIDINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE PYRROLIDINE
申请人:LILLY CO ELI
公开号:WO2020247429A1
公开(公告)日:2020-12-10
The present invention provides compounds of the Formula (I) wherein L is selected from the group consisting of -CH2NHCH2-, -CH2NH-, -NH-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -O-, -OCH2-, -OCH2CH2O-, -NHSO2NH-, (II) and (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a compound of the formula: (IV), processes for preparing the compounds and their salts, a pharmaceutical composition, and methods of treating patients in need of such treatment.
Syntheses of some cyclovinylogues of antimuscarinic drugs, in which a benzene ring is interposed between the methylene groups of the basic chain, are reported. The pharmacological properties of the products were investigated.