Applications of intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions to alkaloid synthesis. A formal total synthesis of (.+-.)-dendrobine
摘要:
A facile synthesis of the tricyclic enone 3 was completed; since 3 was an intermediate in a previous synthesis of (+/-)-dendrobine (1), this achievement constitutes a formal total synthesis of the racemic title alkaloid. The key strategic element of the approach involved the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of the olefinic dienamide 10g, which was prepared by N-acylation of imine 9g with acid chloride 8, to furnish the tricyclic cycloadduct 11g as the major product. Subsequent elaboration of 11g into 3 was then consummated by epoxidation, followed by epoxide rearrangement and oxidation of the intermediate allylic alcohol 23. The synthetic investigations were preceded by a series of model studies that were executed in order to assess the viability and to probe the scope and limitations of the crucial intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In these preliminary investigations, we discovered that thermolyses of dienamido olefins 10a-f afforded mixtures (3.5-14:1) of epimeric cycloadducts 11a-f and 12a-f. The steric bulk of the N-alkyl substituent on 10a-d exerted considerable influence upon the energy of activation and the stereochemical course of the respective cycloaddition reactions. A cyclopropyl or isopropyl group positioned at C(8) on the diene moiety of the unsaturated dienamides 10e-g also facilitated the cyclization and enhanced the endo selectivity of the process.
A new, wide ranging, synthetically powerful, catalytic tandem cyclisation-anion capture process is proposed which depends on the rate of cyclisation of an organopalladium specifies (RPdX) onto a proximate alkene or diene being significantly faster than anion exchange and reductive elimination in the sequence RPdX → RPdY → RY + Pd(0). The catalytic cyclisation - anion capture sequence is illustrated
Convenient Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Benzyl-1,4-dihydropyridines, Cyclohexenones, and Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one Derivatives from 1-Aza-1,3-butadienes
作者:Jon K. F. Geirsson、Jonina F. Johannesdottir
DOI:10.1021/jo960942f
日期:1996.1.1
Readily available 1-aza-1,3-butadienes (enimines) react with methyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone in the presence of catalytic amounts of lithium iodide to form in high yields unsymmetricallysubstituted1,4-dihydropyridines or cyclohexenones. The reaction pathway depends on the structure of the enimine used. This divergence was not observed when the enimines were reacted with dimethyl 1,3-acetonedicarboxylate
(and in some cases rhodium) catalysed regiospecific 5-exo-, 6-endo-and 6-exo-trig cyclisations of aryl iodides and vinyl bromides onto proximate alkenes or heteroaromatic rings (indole, pyrrole) lead to a wide variety of fusedring systems. In appropriate cases the methodology provides a facile approach to the creation of tetrasubstituted carbon centres. Double bond isomerisation in the product is only