a series of isomerizations and trans-alkylations of alkylphenols have been investigated in the liquid phase over a wide range of temperatures. Equilibria of isomerizations connected with the displacement of a substituent on a benzene nucleus were studied for secondary-butyl-, -amyl-, -hexyl-, and cyclohexyl-phenols, and di-(secondary-butyl)phenols. Equilibria of positional isomerization connected with
Revision of species of the “<i>Oligia</i>” <i>semicana</i> group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with descriptions of a new genus and 12 new species
作者:James T. Troubridge、J. Donald Lafontaine
DOI:10.4039/ent134157-2
日期:2002.4
Abstract
The name Neoligiagen.nov. is proposed for the “Oligia” semicana (Walker) species group in North America and 12 species, N. rubirena sp.nov., N. pagosa sp.nov., N. hardwicki sp.nov., N. inermis sp.nov., N. invenusta sp.nov., N. albirena sp.nov., N. lancea sp.nov., N. elephas sp.nov., N. lillooet sp.nov., N. surdirena sp.nov., N. canadensis sp.nov., and N. atlantica sp.nov. are described. Hadenella laevigata Smith is synonymized (synonymy restored) under Hadena tonsa Grote and Hadena hausta Grote is synonymized (synonymy restored) under Miana semicana Walker. Adults of all species are illustrated as well as male and female genitalia, where known.
AbstractThe name Neoligiagen.nov. is proposed for the "Oligia" semicana (Walker) species group in North America and 12 species, N. rubirena sp.nov., N. pagosa sp.nov., N. hardwicki sp.nov、N. inermis sp.nov.、N. invenusta sp.nov.、N. albirena sp.nov.、N. lancea sp.nov.、N. elephas sp.nov.、N. lillooet sp.nov.、N. surdirena sp.nov.、N. canadensis sp.nov.和 N. atlantica sp.nov.等 12 个种。Hadenella laevigata Smith 与 Hadena tonsa Grote 同源(同义恢复),Hadena hausta Grote 与 Miana semicana Walker 同源(同义恢复)。所有物种的成体以及已知的雄性和雌性生殖器均附有插图。
Highly Selective Aromatic Alkylation of Phenol and Anisole by Using Recyclable Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Systems
A highly efficient ionic liquid catalyst system for selective alkylation of phenol and anisole with alkenes is described. By using Bronsted acidic triflate ionic liquids containing the SO3H group attached to the cation, it was possible to recycle the catalyst and reuse it after a simple workup procedure. Moreover, selectivity towards the monoalkylated products was improved to 93 % by using a biphasic
A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid comprises contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a mixed phenol aldehyde derived from an aldehyde and two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols, the two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols comprising a first phenol which is a C1-20 linear or branched alkyl monophenol; and a second phenol which is unsubstituted or a C1-20 linear or branched alkyl monophenol different from the first phenol, wherein the molar ratio of the first phenol relative to the second phenol is about 4:1 to about 1:4.
Methods of using ionic liquid based asphaltene inhibitors
申请人:Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
公开号:US11124692B2
公开(公告)日:2021-09-21
Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of R1R2R3R4N+ or R1R2R3N+R8N+R5R6R7 and an anion, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched C1-30 alkyl group, benzyl, a C7-30 alkylbenzyl group, a C7-30 arylalkyl group, a straight or branched C3-30 alkenyl group, a C1-30 hydroxyalkyl group, a C7-30 hydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; R8 is a straight or branched C1-30 alkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.