Design and synthesis of an irreversible dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist
摘要:
Cocaine is a powerful reinforcer and stimulant that binds to specific recognition sites associated with monoamine transporters in the mammalian brain. The search for a functional antagonist to the addictive properties of cocaine has focused on the discovery of a molecule that can inhibit cocaine binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT) but continue to allow dopamine transport by the DAT. No such dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist has been reported and it is becoming evident that dopamine-sparing antagonism of the pharmacological effects of cocaine by a classical antagonist may not be possible. Herein we present a new concept for the design of dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonists. A unique approach is utilized to deliver an inhibitor that binds irreversibly to the DAT, then cleaves and leaves behind a small fragment attached to the DAT that blocks access by cocaine but permits dopamine transport. The design of these compounds takes advantage of a cysteinyl sulfhydryl group in the DAT. This group is hypothesized to attack the incoming inhibitor and lead to selective inhibition of the cocaine binding site while sparing dopamine transport. This concept of a mechanism based irreversible dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist has now been demonstrated to be viable and, as example, the unsaturated 6 showed inhibition of cocaine (63%) at the DAT after 24 h incubation, while at that point considerably less inhibition of dopamine is manifested (23%). In contrast, the epoxide 7 showed a greater inhibition of dopamine reuptake than cocaine binding at 24 h (68% versus 18%). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
2-Carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Potent Non-Nitrogen Inhibitors of Monoamine Transporters
摘要:
Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the mammalian central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant properties have been associated with its propensity to bind to monoamine transporter systems. It has generally been assumed t;hat the amino function on monoamines is a requirement for binding to monoamine transporters. In particular, the 8-amino function on the tropane skeleton of cocaine and cocaine analogs has been assumed to provide an ionic bond to the aspartic acid residue on the dopamine transporter(DAT). We have prepared the first 8-oxa analogs of the 3-aryltropanes (WIN compounds) and have found that the 3 beta-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (6g) and 3 alpha-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (7g) analogs are particularly potent (IC50 = 3.27 and 2.34 nM, respectively) inhibitors of the dopamine transporter. We now describe the synthesis and biology of the family of 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and demonstrate that an amino nitrogen is not required for binding to the DAT.
2-Carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Potent Non-Nitrogen Inhibitors of Monoamine Transporters
作者:Peter C. Meltzer、Anna Y. Liang、Paul Blundell、Mario D. Gonzalez、Zhengming Chen、Clifford George、Bertha K. Madras
DOI:10.1021/jm9703045
日期:1997.8.1
Cocaine is a potent stimulant of the mammalian central nervous system. Its reinforcing and stimulant properties have been associated with its propensity to bind to monoamine transporter systems. It has generally been assumed t;hat the amino function on monoamines is a requirement for binding to monoamine transporters. In particular, the 8-amino function on the tropane skeleton of cocaine and cocaine analogs has been assumed to provide an ionic bond to the aspartic acid residue on the dopamine transporter(DAT). We have prepared the first 8-oxa analogs of the 3-aryltropanes (WIN compounds) and have found that the 3 beta-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (6g) and 3 alpha-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) (7g) analogs are particularly potent (IC50 = 3.27 and 2.34 nM, respectively) inhibitors of the dopamine transporter. We now describe the synthesis and biology of the family of 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and demonstrate that an amino nitrogen is not required for binding to the DAT.
Design and synthesis of an irreversible dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist
作者:Peter C. Meltzer、Shanghao Liu、Heather S. Blanchette、Paul Blundell、Bertha K. Madras
DOI:10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00244-4
日期:2002.11
Cocaine is a powerful reinforcer and stimulant that binds to specific recognition sites associated with monoamine transporters in the mammalian brain. The search for a functional antagonist to the addictive properties of cocaine has focused on the discovery of a molecule that can inhibit cocaine binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT) but continue to allow dopamine transport by the DAT. No such dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist has been reported and it is becoming evident that dopamine-sparing antagonism of the pharmacological effects of cocaine by a classical antagonist may not be possible. Herein we present a new concept for the design of dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonists. A unique approach is utilized to deliver an inhibitor that binds irreversibly to the DAT, then cleaves and leaves behind a small fragment attached to the DAT that blocks access by cocaine but permits dopamine transport. The design of these compounds takes advantage of a cysteinyl sulfhydryl group in the DAT. This group is hypothesized to attack the incoming inhibitor and lead to selective inhibition of the cocaine binding site while sparing dopamine transport. This concept of a mechanism based irreversible dopamine-sparing cocaine antagonist has now been demonstrated to be viable and, as example, the unsaturated 6 showed inhibition of cocaine (63%) at the DAT after 24 h incubation, while at that point considerably less inhibition of dopamine is manifested (23%). In contrast, the epoxide 7 showed a greater inhibition of dopamine reuptake than cocaine binding at 24 h (68% versus 18%). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.