Indium promoted coupling reactions between propargyl aldehydes (3) and allyl halides under aqueous and organic conditions are reported. Coupling reactions under aqueous conditions occur via 1,2-addition with excellent yields to afford 4-hydroxy-1-ene-5-ynes (8). Coupling reactions under organic conditions also add in a 1,2-fashion, but the initial products can be induced to undergo oxy-Cope rearrangements giving 2,5-hexadienals (9). Oxy-Cope rearrangement of 8 followed by a secondary addition step under highly basic conditions leads to lactol formation (10) in good to excellent yields. This paper reveals the versatility and control of product formation which may be attained when working with propargyl aldehyde (3) and allyl halide systems under indium promoted coupling conditions.
Use of α-chlorosulfides in indium promoted CC couplings: easy entry into the stereoselective formation of epoxy alkynes
The use of alpha-chlorosulfide compounds to control stereoselectivity in indium promoted C-C couplings occurs smoothly at room temperature under aqueous and mixed aqueous/organic conditions. Use of the halide to control syn/anti ratios simplifies the indium promoted coupling with respect to earlier studies and is used to gain entry into stereocontrolled epoxy alkynes in good yields. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of<i>N</i>-Methylformamide as a Solvent in Indium-Promoted Barbier Reactions en Route to Enediyne and Epoxy Diyne Formation: Comparison of Rate and Stereoselectivity in C−C Bond-Forming Reactions with Water
Indium-promoted coupling reactions between propargyl aldehydes (1) and alpha-chloropropargylphenyl sulfide are reported. Although water has been shown to accelerate indium metal promoted reactions, the reverse pattern was observed in this series. Use of N-methylformamide (NMF), which has riot previously been a solvent known for use in indium-promoted reactions, afforded ail acceleration or these Barbier-style reactions compared to water. Indium-promoted reactions in this study also showed excellent regiocontrol and good stereocontrol, allowing for easy entry into the formation of epoxydiyne and enediyne skeletal structures, This paper also describes use of the Barbier Coupled product (2) as a new, and easy, entry into the formation of enediyne and epoxydiyne skeletal structures.
The Versatility of α-Chloropropargyl Phenyl Sulfide Affords High Stereo- and Regioselectivities in Indium-Promoted Coupling Reactions under Mild Conditions
作者:Thomas M. Mitzel、Carolyn Palomo、Keith Jendza
DOI:10.1021/jo015992l
日期:2002.1.1
Coupling reactions between alpha-chloropropargyl phenyl sulfide (11) and a series of aldehydes under aqueous conditions are reported. Not only is good stereoselectivity observed between syn and anti isomeric products, but excellent regioselectivity is also witnessed. In reactions using indium. metal as a promoter, the propargyl functionality (12) is retained, unlike the use of more traditional metals that result in formation of products containing a mixture of both propargyl (12) and allene (13) moieties. The reaction is postulated to proceed via either a chelated or nonchelated route, controlled by the presence or absence of indium (III) chloride, and may be used to create synthetically useful building blocks. The formation of epoxyalkyne (14) molecules, which are found in many natural products and have wide use as synthetic templates, is presented as one example.