Pesticides cause severe environmental damage to marine ecosystems. In the last ten years, cypermethrin has been extensively used as an antiparasitic pesticide in the salmon farming industry located in Northern Patagonia. The objective of this study was the biochemical and genomic characterization of cypermethrin-degrading and biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains isolated from cypermethrin-contaminated marine sediment samples collected in southern Chile (MS). Eleven strains were isolated by cypermethrin enrichment culture techniques and were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing analyses. The highest growth rate on cypermethrin was observed in four isolates (MS13, MS15a, MS16, and MS19) that also exhibited high levels of biosurfactant production. Genome sequence analyses of these isolates revealed the presence of genes encoding components of bacterial secondary metabolism, and the enzymes esterase, pyrethroid hydrolase, and laccase, which have been associated with different biodegradation pathways of cypermethrin. These novel cypermethrin-degrading and biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates have a biotechnological potential for biodegradation of cypermethrin-contaminated marine sediments, and their genomes contribute to the understanding of microbial lifestyles in these extreme environments.
杀虫剂对海洋生态系统造成严重环境破坏。在过去的十年里,氯氰菊酯广泛被用作北巴塔哥尼亚的三文鱼养殖业中的抗寄生虫杀虫剂。本研究的目标是对从智利南部收集的氯氰菊酯污染海洋沉积物样品中分离出的降解氯氰菊酯和产生生物表面活性剂的细菌菌株进行生化和基因组特征化。通过氯氰菊酯富集培养技术分离出11株菌株,并通过16S rDNA基因测序分析进行鉴定。在氯氰菊酯上观察到最高生长率的是四株分离物(MS13、MS15a、MS16和MS19),它们还表现出较高水平的生物表面活性剂产生。这些分离物的基因组序列分析显示存在编码细菌次生代谢组分、酯酶、拟除虫菊酯水解酶和漆酶的基因,这些基因与氯氰菊酯的不同生物降解途径有关。这些新型降解氯氰菊酯和产生生物表面活性剂的细菌分离物具有生物降解氯氰菊酯污染海洋沉积物的生物技术潜力,它们的基因组有助于理解这些极端环境中微生物生活方式。