Provided herein are processes for preparing caprolactam from a starting material such as one or more of the cis,cis-, cis,trans- and trans,trans-double-bond isomers of muconamide, muconic acid ester, or muconic acid. The starting material, intermediates, and caprolactam prepared therefrom can contain carbon atoms derived from biomass containing detectable
14
C content determined according to ASTM D6866 and optionally containing a
14
C content up to 0.0000000001% (one part per trillion). Caprolactam so prepared can be used to make various polyamides.
本文提供了一种从起始材料如顺反式、顺顺式、反顺式和反反式双键异构体的muconamide、muconic acid酯或muconic acid制备己内酰胺的方法。起始材料、中间体和制备己内酰胺的己内酰胺可以包含从含有可检测14C含量的
生物质中获取的碳原子,根据ASTM D6866确定,可选地含有高达0.0000000001%(一万亿分之一)的14C含量。这样制备的己内酰胺可用于制造各种聚酰胺。