Ultra-fast co-sensitization and tri-sensitization of dye-sensitized solar cells with N719, SQ1 and triarylamine dyes
作者:Peter J. Holliman、Moneer Mohsen、Arthur Connell、Matthew L. Davies、Kareem Al-Salihi、Mateusz B. Pitak、Graham J. Tizzard、Simon J. Coles、Ross W. Harrington、William Clegg、Carlos Serpa、Octávio H. Fontes、Cecile Charbonneau、Matthew J. Carnie
DOI:10.1039/c2jm31314f
日期:——
This paper describes the synthesis of a new, yellow triphenylamine dye, 4-[2-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]benzoic acid] (6), with a sorption maximum at 380 nm in solution for which EQE data show shifts to 420 nm on sorption to TiO2. The performance of this dye has been measured in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) devices, showing η = 2.6% for 1 cm2 devices. Light soaking of (6) shows excellent long-term stability with <10% variation in device performance over 1800 h. Full characterization data are reported for (6) and the intermediates used in its synthesis including single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of all compounds. The paper also describes the ultra-fast dye sensitization and co-sensitization of TiO2 photo-electrodes in 5 minutes using one or two dyes and the first example of ultra-fast tri-sensitization. The dyes tested include the ruthenium dye N719, the squaraine dye SQ1, the red triphenylamine dye 2-cyano-3-4-[2-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]phenyl}acrylic acid (5) and (6). DSC efficiencies of 7.5% have been achieved for 1 cm2 devices co-sensitized using (6) and N719. These efficiencies exceed those recorded for single dye devices and EQE measurements confirm efficient photon capture from two or more dyes in a single photo-electrode. Photo-acoustic calorimetry (PAC) has also been used to measure the energy of the charge separation states formed for (6) and N719, showing a larger value (1.47 eV) for (6) compared to N719 (1.08 eV), whilst a TiO2 film co-sensitized with both (6) and N719 gave an intermediate value (1.28 eV). These data have been used to calculate dye HOMO, LUMO and λmax levels for (6) and N719 leading to important insights for future successful co-sensitization.
本文描述了一种新型黄色三苯胺染料 4-[2-(4-二苯氨基苯基)乙烯基]苯甲酸] (6) 的合成,在溶液中最大吸收波长为 380 nm,EQE 数据显示偏移至 420 nm TiO2 的吸附。该染料的性能已在染料敏化太阳能电池 (DSC) 装置中进行了测量,结果显示 1 cm2 装置的 η = 2.6%。 (6) 的光浸泡表现出优异的长期稳定性,1800 小时内器件性能变化 <10%。报告了 (6) 及其合成中使用的中间体的完整表征数据,包括所有化合物的单晶 X 射线结构分析。该论文还描述了使用一种或两种染料在 5 分钟内实现 TiO2 光电极的超快速染料敏化和共敏化,以及超快速三敏化的第一个示例。测试的染料包括钌染料N719、方酸菁染料SQ1、红色三苯胺染料2-氰基-3-4-[2-(4-二苯氨基苯基)乙烯基]苯基}丙烯酸(5)和(6)。使用 (6) 和 N719 共同敏化的 1 cm2 器件的 DSC 效率达到 7.5%。这些效率超过了单染料设备记录的效率,EQE 测量证实了单个光电极中两种或多种染料的有效光子捕获。光声量热法 (PAC) 也已用于测量 (6) 和 N719 形成的电荷分离态的能量,与 N719 (1.08 eV) 相比,(6) 显示出更大的值 (1.47 eV),而与 (6) 和 N719 共同敏化的 TiO2 薄膜给出了中间值 (1.28 eV)。这些数据已用于计算 (6) 和 N719 的染料 HOMO、LUMO 和 λmax 水平,从而为未来成功的共敏化提供重要见解。