Cram selectivity in the reaction of 2-phenylpropanal with alkyllithium reagents: Myth and reality
作者:Manfred T. Reetz、Stephan Stanchev、Helmut Haning
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89872-0
日期:1992.1
The reaction of racemic 2-phenylpropanal with methyl- and n-butyllithium was studied in detail. Factors such as temperature, solvent, rate of addition, presence of salts, scale-up and source of reagents were carefully examined. Cram-selectivities of 90 –94% were routinely reached under standard conditions (THF, −78°C), which is significantly higher than previously reported for these classical reactions
Photocatalytic carbanion generation – benzylation of aliphatic aldehydes to secondary alcohols
作者:Karsten Donabauer、Mitasree Maity、Anna Lucia Berger、Gregory S. Huff、Stefano Crespi、Burkhard König
DOI:10.1039/c9sc01356c
日期:——
present a redox-neutral method for the photocatalytic generation of carbanions. Benzylic carboxylates are photooxidized by single electron transfer; immediate CO2 extrusion and reduction of the in situ formed radical yields a carbanion capable of reacting with aliphatic aldehydes as electrophiles giving the Grignard analogous reaction product.
Reactions of zirconocene-alkene complexes with aldehydes gave alcohols as coupling products after hydrolysis. The carbon-carbonbondformation proceeded at C1 carbon of alkenes, in sharp contrast to the reactions of alkene-alkene coupling on zirconium. A similar alcohol was also obtained by the reaction of zirconacyclopentane with aldehyde after hydrolysis. Treatment of (C5Me5)2ZrEt2 with styrene gave
On treatment of a THF solution of Sm(OTf)(3) with 1 equiv of an organolithium or organomagnesium reagent-at ambient temperature, the purple or deep green solution of the divalent samarium triflate [Sm(OTf)(2)] was readily obtained. For this preparation, s-BuLi was the most effective as was evidenced by the reduction of a-phenylethyl iodide in the presence of HMPA. The Sm(OTf)(2) reagent mediated the Grignard-type reaction effectively in THF/HMPA; alkylation and allylation of ketones or aldehydes with alkyl, allyl, or benzyl halides proceeded via organosamarium intermediates. Diastereoselectivity of the samarium-Grignard reaction was examined using 2-methylcyclohexanone, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, and 2-phenylpropanal and was found to be higher in each case than that with SmI2. With 2-methylcyclohexanone, for example, Sm(OTf)(2) gave the greatest ratio of axial alcohol:equatorial alcohol = 99:1, and SmI2 gave a ratio of 91:9. Halides containing an ester or a silyl group were reactive in the Reformatsky- or Peterson-type reaction, respectively, using the Sm(OTf)(2) reagent.
Effects of additives on cuprate 1,4-additions: Gilman reagents in the presence of Me3SiCN
作者:Bruce H. Lipshutz、Brian James
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61676-3
日期:1993.10
Chemical and spectroscopic studies on Gilman cuprates R2CuLi.LiI in the presence of TMS-CN reveal the lack of independence of these species in THF solutions. A potential role for this additive in enhancing rates and yields of 1,4-, as well as 1,2-additions, is suggested.