据报道,用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)进行一锅法制得的芳基乙酸甲酯和芳氧基乙酰基甲腈的单C甲基化反应。该反应是在高压釜中于高温(180–200°C)且在有高压釜的情况下完成的。碱(K 2 CO 3或bart -BuOK)。尽管DMC既可以用作烷基化剂也可以用作溶剂(相对于底物30摩尔过量)。在完全转化时,对单甲基化产物(分别为2-芳氧基丙酸甲酯和2-芳氧基丙腈)的选择性通常高达99%。没有二烷基化的副产物形式。这种异常行为的原因可以通过涉及初始羧甲基化然后进行甲基化反应的机理来解释。
The invention provides compounds of formula (I):
or a salt thereof as described herein. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I), processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula (I) and therapeutic methods for suppressing an immune response or treating cancer or a hematologic malignancy using compounds of formula (I).