设计了一种经济有效且方便的方法,使用氨基硫脲(TS)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)连接剂将Cu(II)纳米粒子负载在含有脲和硫脲桥的改性壳聚糖主链上。采用傅里叶变换红外(FT- IR)光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、热重/差热重分析(TGA / DTA)、能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS)、EDS 元素图和 X 射线衍射 (XRD)。所获得的超分子CS-TDI-PMDA-TS-Cu( II )纳米材料被证明可作为多功能纳米催化剂,用于促进芳香醛、钠之间的多组分级联Knoevenagel缩合/点击1,3-偶极叠氮-腈环加成反应。叠氮化物和丙二腈在无溶剂条件下反应,得到相应的( E )-2-(1H-四唑-5-基)-3-芳基丙烯腈衍生物。催化剂负载量低,在无溶剂条件下工作,反应时间短,易于制备和回收,并且催化剂可连续五个循环重复使用而催化效率没有明显下
The catalyst-free multi-component reactions of aldehydes, malononitrile, and sodium azide at a relatively low temperature in magnetized water provided 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in high-to-excellent yields. This method offers the advantages of short reaction times, low costs, quantitative reaction yields, simple work-up, green, and no need for any organic solvent.
Regio-selective synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles using ionic liquid [BMIM]N3 in solvent-free conditions: a click reaction
作者:Soheila Khaghaninejad、Majid M. Heravi、Tayebeh Hosseinnejad、Hossein A. Oskooie、Mehdi Bakavoli
DOI:10.1007/s11164-015-2105-3
日期:2016.3
A multi-component, one pot and regio-selective synthesis of different 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles was successfully accomplished via a click reaction. In this respect, we have performed the reaction of either isatins or various aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium azide ([BMIM]N3), as a relatively green source of azide mediated by o-phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid (OPNSA). The calculated thermodynamic results demonstrate a reliable agreement with our experimentally observed regio-selectivity. From the electronic viewpoint, we have also assessed the nature of regio-selectivity via quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis.
Catalyst-free, aqueous and highly diastereoselective synthesis of new 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via a multi-component domino Knoevenagel condensation/1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction
An approach for the synthesis of new 5-substituted-tetrazoles via multi-component domino Knoevenagel condensation/1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of carbonyl compounds, malononitrile and sodium azide in water without assistance of any catalyst has been reported. This general protocol provides a wide variety of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in good yields under mild reaction conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.