Deep eutectic solvent as an operative media on structure‐reactivity relationships
作者:Ali Reza Harifi‐Mood、Hasan Khorshahi
DOI:10.1002/kin.21273
日期:2019.7
Deep eutectic solvents seem to be environmentally friendly solvents, particularly because they are prepared easily and have very low‐vapor pressures under ambient conditions. They are suitable candidates as green solvents for reaction media with special properties. To present this behavior, substitution reactions of some para‐ and meta‐substituted anilines with 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene have been
“Zero VOC” Synthetic Strategy - Aromatic Amination Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents
作者:Arun Valvi、Shraeddha Tiwari
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201800785
日期:2018.9.23
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 2,4‐dinitrohalobenzene with secondary amines were carried out in deep eutectic solvents (DES) to give excellent yields. The reaction workup involved the addition of water for separating the product, which indicates that DES is an entirely benign reaction medium for the SNAr reactions. More importantly, the DES exhibited excellent recyclability.
Reaction kinetics investigation of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with substituted anilines in ethyl acetate-methanol mixtures using linear and nonlinear free energy relationships
measured rate coefficients of the reaction demonstrated a dramatic variation in ethyl acetate–methanol mixtures with the increasing mole fraction of ethyl acetate. Linear free energy relationship (LFER) investigations confirm that polarity has a major effect on the reaction rate whereas the hydrogen‐bonding ability of the media has a slight effect on it. Nonlinear free energy relationship based on
Liberation, Feminism, and Development Communication
作者:H. Leslie Steeves
DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00250.x
日期:2001.11
This essay notes the relative neglect of considerations of both liberation and gender in the scholarship and practice of development communication. Liberation perspectives on development, grounded in religion and spirituality, argue for individual and collective empowerment, and therefore appear to offer consistency with feminist thought. In practice, it is unclear to what extent women are included or empowered in applications of liberation theology to development communication. This paper argues that the theory and practice of development communication would be strengthened by drawing on insights from both feminism and liberation theology.