SAR-oriented discovery of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan agonist with a 4-adamantylphenyl group as a hydrophobic tail
摘要:
3-(4-Alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives were prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha/delta/gamma pan agonists, based on our previous SAR studies directed toward the development of subtype-selective PPAR agonists. Those studies indicated that the steric bulkiness of substituents introduced at the distal benzene ring had an important influence on PPAR activity. The finding that a 4-adamantyl derivative exhibited not only PPAR alpha/delta activity but also significant PPAR gamma activity prompted us to search for structurally novel phenylpropanoic acid derivatives with more potent adipocyte differentiation activity than the well-known PPAR-gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, as well as well-balanced PPAR alpha and PPAR delta agonistic activities. A representative phenylpropanoic acid derivative (12) bearing a 4-adamantylphenyl substituent proved to be a well-balanced PPAR-pan agonist with activities to regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful as a candidate drug for the treatment of altered PPAR function. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective agonists
摘要:
A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) 6-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPAR alpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPAR delta transactivation activity and highest PPAR delta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPAR delta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPAR delta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPAR delta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.