Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel series of α-substituted phenylpropanoic acid derivatives as human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/δ dual agonists for the treatment of metabolic syndrome
摘要:
A series of alpha-alkyl-substituted phenylpropanoic acids was prepared as dual agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta (PPAR alpha/delta). Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the shape of the linking group and the shape of the substituent at the distal benzene ring play key roles in determining the potency and the selectivity of PPAR subtype transactivation. Structure-activity relationships among the amide series (10) and the reversed amide series (13) are similar, but not identical, especially in the case of the compounds bearing a bulky hydrophobic substituent at the distal benzene ring, indicating that the hydrophobic tail part of the molecules in these two series binds at somewhat different positions in the large binding pocket of PPAR. alpha-Alkyl-substituted phenylpropanoic acids of (S)-configuration were identified as potent human PPAR alpha/delta dual agonists. Representative compounds exhibited marked nuclear receptor selectivity for PPAR alpha and PPAR delta. Subtype-selective PPAR activation was also examined by analysis of the mRNA expression of PPAR-regulated genes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent, structurally novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-selective agonists
摘要:
A series of 3-(4-alkoxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives was prepared as candidate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) 6-selective agonists, based on our previously discovered potent human PPAR alpha/delta dual agonist TIPP-401 as a lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies clearly indicated the importance of the chain length of the alkoxy group at the 4-position, and the n-butoxy compound exhibited the most potent PPAR delta transactivation activity and highest PPAR delta selectivity. The (S)-enantiomer of a representative compound exhibited extremely potent PPAR delta transactivation activity, comparable with or somewhat superior to that of the known PPAR delta-selective agonist, GW-501516. The representative compound regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis, and should be useful not only as a chemical tool to study PPAR delta function, but also as a candidate drug for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.