The “higher order” organozinc cuprates, R2Cu(CN)(ZnCl)2·2Mg(X)Cl·nLiCl, derivedfrom admixture of LiCl (1∼2 equiv.), ZnCl2 (1 equiv.), RMgX (1 equiv.), and CuCN (0.5 equiv.) in a mixed solvent of THF and Et2O exhibit high diastereoselection of up to > 99: 1 in the synthesis of (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres from γ-mesyloxy-α,β-unsaturated esters. Addition of lithium chloride is essential for the preparation
Syn-SN2' pathway in the reaction of certain .gamma.-(mesyloxy) .alpha.,.beta.-enoates with RCu(CN)MgX.BF3 reagents. Importance of MgX and bulky R group upon the diastereoselectivity
The reactions of protected serine- and threonine-derived gamma-(mesyloxy) alpha,beta-unsaturated esters with various magnesio organocyanocopper Lewis acid complexes have been investigated. The formation of syn-S(N)2' products, in addition to the normally expected anti-S(N)2' products, is taken as an indication that the reaction proceeds by a mechanism involving coordination of the magnesiocuprate with the C(delta)-N:C(gamma)-O syn-gamma-(mesyloxy) alpha,beta-enoates.
A highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres via organocyanocopper-Lewis acid mediation reaction
A stereoselective synthesis of protected (E)-alkene dipeptide isosteres by the reaction of the mesylates of homochiral delta-aminated gamma-hydroxy (E)-alpha,beta-enoates with either RCu(CN)Li.BF3 or RCu(CN)MgX.BF3 reagent is described. The degree of diastereoselectivity has been found to be uniformly high except for the serine- and threonine-derived acetonides 77 and 81. The synthesis permits the introduction of sterically hindered appendages such as isopropyl and tert-butyl groups at the alpha position to the ester group. This methodology provides a new route to a wide range of modified (E)-alkene peptide mimics that may have biological importance.