Ring opening of aziridines by different fluorinating reagents: three synthetic routes to .alpha.,.beta.-fluoro amines with different stereochemical pathways
Enantioselective fluoride ring opening of aziridines enabled by cooperative Lewis acid catalysis
作者:Julia A. Kalow、Abigail G. Doyle
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.062
日期:2013.7
The enantioselective ring opening of aziridines using a latent source of HF is described. A combination of two Lewis acids, (salen)Co and an achiral Ti(IV) cocatalyst, provided optimal reactivity and enantioselectivity for the trans beta-fluoroamine product. The use of a chelating aziridine protecting group was crucial. Acyclic and cyclic meso N-picolinamide aziridines underwent fluoride ring opening in up to 84% ee, and the kinetic resolution of a piperidine-derived aziridine was performed with k(rel)=6.6. The picolinamide group may be readily removed without epimerization of the fluoroamine. Preliminary studies revealed a bimetallic mechanism wherein the chiral (salen)Co catalyst delivers the nucleophile and the Ti(IV) cocatalyst activates the aziridine. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of β-Fluoroamines by Lewis Base Catalyzed Hydrofluorination of Aziridines
作者:Julia A. Kalow、Dana E. Schmitt、Abigail G. Doyle
DOI:10.1021/jo300433a
日期:2012.4.20
Lewis base catalysis promotes the in situ generation of amine-HF reagents from benzoyl fluoride and a non-nucleophilic alcohol. The hydrofluorination of aziridines to provide beta-fluoroamines using this latent HF source is described. This protocol displays a broad scope with respect to aziridine substitution and N-protecting groups. Examples of regio- and diastereoselective ring opening to access medicinally relevant beta-fluoroamine building blocks are presented.
Synthesis of β-Fluoro Amides Using Partially Hydrated Nickel Difluoride as Fluorine Source
作者:Wan Zhang、Li Su、Wei Hu、Jie Zhou
DOI:10.1055/s-0032-1317157
日期:——
beta-Fluoro amides were obtained from the reactions of activated aziridines with partially hydrated nickel difluoride (NiF2 center dot nH(2)O, n < 4) in good yields (47-82%) in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (20 mol%), while the non-activated aziridines did not react under the same conditions.