α-Arylation reactions can be performed in water, enabled by a designer surfactant,under mild conditions and in the absence of organic co-solvents. A multitude of aryl and heteroaryl ketones are amenable to coupling with functionalized aryl halides. Use of a lipophilic base that can gain entry to the micellar inner cores mediates enolization. In some cases, palladium loadings as low as 2500 ppm (0.25
α-芳基化反应可以在
水中进行,通过设计的表面活性剂,在温和的条件下和不存在有机共溶剂的情况下进行。许多芳基和杂芳基酮都适合与官能化的芳基卤化物偶联。使用可以进入胶束内核的亲脂性碱介导烯醇化。在某些情况下,低至 2500 ppm (0.25 mol%) 的
钯负载足以在完全可回收的介质中进行偶联,例如
水中的
化学反应。