Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Regioregular Head-to-Head Substituted Thiophene Hexadecamers
摘要:
We describe the expedient synthesis of regioregular thiophene hexadecamers head-to-head (hh) substituted with hexyl and hexylthio grous. The synthesis was carried out by means of a sequence of ultrasound-assisted selective monobrominations and microwave-assisted Suzuki reactions using 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in THF:water. The hexadecamers, which are very soluble in organic solvents, were investigated in solution and thin film by a variety of techniques (UV, PL, CV, X-ray diffraction, FET charge mobility, SKFM) with the aim of elucidating the effect of the sulfur spacer on morphology and functional properties. We show that the sulfur spacer compensates for the decrease in pi-pi conjugation caused by the hh regiochemistry and that the lambda(max) value and redox potentials of the S-alkyl-substituted hexadecamer are similar to those of head-to-tail substituted poly(3-hexylthiophene). Measurements in field effect transistor devices showed that the alkylthio-substituted hexadecamer is a p-type semiconductor while the alkyl-substituted counterpart in the same conditions is not electroactive. Scanning Kelvin force microscopy measurements showed that a blend of the alkylthio-substituted hexadecamer with PCBM displays photovoltaic behavior under illumination. In agreement with this, a bulk heterojunction cell fabricated employing the same blend displayed near 1.5% conversion efficiency without addition of additives or device optimization.
Facilitated synthesis of functional oligothiophenes for application in thin film devices and live cell imaging
摘要:
This paper describes recent developments in the synthesis of ultrapure functional oligothiophene-based materials taking advantage of enabling techniques such as microwave/ultrasound irradiation and chitosan-supported palladium catalysts. Examples showing how ultrapure oligothiophenes self-organize in order to optimize charge transport in thin film devices and fluorescence emission inside living cells are reported.[GRAPHICS].
We describe the expedient synthesis of regioregular thiophene hexadecamers head-to-head (hh) substituted with hexyl and hexylthio grous. The synthesis was carried out by means of a sequence of ultrasound-assisted selective monobrominations and microwave-assisted Suzuki reactions using 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane in THF:water. The hexadecamers, which are very soluble in organic solvents, were investigated in solution and thin film by a variety of techniques (UV, PL, CV, X-ray diffraction, FET charge mobility, SKFM) with the aim of elucidating the effect of the sulfur spacer on morphology and functional properties. We show that the sulfur spacer compensates for the decrease in pi-pi conjugation caused by the hh regiochemistry and that the lambda(max) value and redox potentials of the S-alkyl-substituted hexadecamer are similar to those of head-to-tail substituted poly(3-hexylthiophene). Measurements in field effect transistor devices showed that the alkylthio-substituted hexadecamer is a p-type semiconductor while the alkyl-substituted counterpart in the same conditions is not electroactive. Scanning Kelvin force microscopy measurements showed that a blend of the alkylthio-substituted hexadecamer with PCBM displays photovoltaic behavior under illumination. In agreement with this, a bulk heterojunction cell fabricated employing the same blend displayed near 1.5% conversion efficiency without addition of additives or device optimization.
A Successful Chemical Strategy To Induce Oligothiophene Self-Assembly into Fibers with Tunable Shape and Function
Functional supramolecular architectures for bottom-up organic nano- and microtechnology are a high priority research topic. We discovered a new recognition algorithm, resulting from the combination of thioalkyl substituents and head-to-head regiochemistry of substitution, to induce the spontaneous self-assembly of sulfur overrich octathiophenes into supramolecular crystalline fibers combining high charge mobility and intense fluorescence. The fibers were grown on various types of surfaces either as superhelices or straight rods depending on molecular structure. Helical fibers directly grown on a field effect transistor displayed efficient charge mobility and intrinsic 'memory effect'. Despite the fact that the oligomers did not have chirality centers, one type of hand-helicity was always predominant in helical fibers, due to the interplay of molecular atropisomerism and sup ramolecular helicity induced by terminal substituents. Finally, we found that the new sulfur overrich oligothiophenes can easily be prepared in high yields through ultrasound and microwave assistance in green conditions.
Facilitated synthesis of functional oligothiophenes for application in thin film devices and live cell imaging
作者:Francesca DiMaria、Giovanna Barbarella
DOI:10.1080/17415993.2013.807810
日期:2013.12.1
This paper describes recent developments in the synthesis of ultrapure functional oligothiophene-based materials taking advantage of enabling techniques such as microwave/ultrasound irradiation and chitosan-supported palladium catalysts. Examples showing how ultrapure oligothiophenes self-organize in order to optimize charge transport in thin film devices and fluorescence emission inside living cells are reported.[GRAPHICS].